学龄期哮喘患儿屋尘螨皮下特异性免疫治疗效果的影响因素调查及预测模型构建
收稿日期: 2024-12-25
修回日期: 2025-04-17
录用日期: 2025-05-08
网络出版日期: 2026-02-11
基金资助
湖北省中医药管理局青年人才项目(ZY2023Q028)
Influencing Factors of Efficacy of House Dust Mite SCIT in School-Age Asthmatic Children and Construction of Prediction Model
Received date: 2024-12-25
Revised date: 2025-04-17
Accepted date: 2025-05-08
Online published: 2026-02-11
目的:探讨学龄期哮喘患儿接受屋尘螨皮下特异性免疫治疗(SCIT)效果的影响因素,并建立风险预测模型以供临床参考。方法:选取2018年5月至2021年5月我院收治的160例接受标准屋尘螨SCIT的学龄期哮喘患儿,其中154例完成3年治疗。回顾性收集临床资料,根据患儿3年后是否能完全停用吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)分为ICS停药组(治疗成功,99例)和ICS持续组(ICS未停药,55例)。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析治疗效果的影响因素,并构建预测模型,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估其预测价值。结果:两组患儿治疗期间丙酸氟替卡松(FP)使用剂量均逐渐下降,且在治疗12、24、36个月时剂量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ICS停药组超重、哮喘重度持续、合并变应性鼻炎、过敏原种类多、被动吸烟的比例均高于ICS持续组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,哮喘重度持续、过敏原种类多、被动吸烟是治疗后ICS无法完全停药的独立危险因素(OR>1)(P<0.05);Logistic回归预测模型验证结果显示模型有效且拟合良好(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示AUC为0.829,当cut-off值为0.650时,预测敏感度为0.707,特异度为0.855(P<0.05)。结论:哮喘重度持续、过敏原种类多、被动吸烟是影响学龄期哮喘患儿屋尘螨SCIT治疗效果的重要因素,据此建立的预测模型具有一定的预测价值。
关键词: 哮喘; 屋尘螨皮下特异性免疫治疗; 效果; 影响因素; 预测模型
金建国
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学龄期哮喘患儿屋尘螨皮下特异性免疫治疗效果的影响因素调查及预测模型构建
Objective: To investigate the determinants influencing the efficacy of house dust mite subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SCIT) in school-age children with asthma and to develop a risk prediction model for clinical reference.Methods: A total of 160 school-age asthmatic children who received standard house dust mite SCIT at our hospital between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, of whom 154 completed the 3-year treatment. Based on whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) could be completely withdrawn after 3 years, patients were categorized into the ICS withdrawal group (n=99) and the ICS continuation group (n=55). Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with treatment efficacy and to construct a predictive model. The discriminative ability of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).Results: The dosage of fluticasone propionate (FP) gradually decreased in both groups during the treatment, with statistically significant differences between the two groups at 12, 24, and 36 months (P<0.05). Compared to the ICS continuation group, the ICS withdrawal group had significantly higher proportions of overweight, severe persistent asthma, comorbid allergic rhinitis, multiple allergen sensitizations, and exposure to passive smoking (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified severe persistent asthma (OR>1), multiple allergen sensitizations (OR>1), and passive smoking exposure (OR>1) as independent risk factors for failure to discontinue ICS after treatment (all P<0.05). The logistic regression prediction model showed a good fit (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.829 (P<0.05). At an optimal cut-off value of 0.650, the model demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.707 and a specificity of 0.855 (P<0.05).Conclusion: Severe persistent asthma, multiple allergen sensitizations, and passive smoking exposure are significant determinants affecting the efficacy of house dust mite SCIT in school-age asthmatic children. The prediction model based on these factors shows acceptable discriminative ability.
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