泛血管疾病代谢异常与疼痛管理专家共识
收稿日期: 2025-08-13
修回日期: 2025-10-23
录用日期: 2025-12-24
网络出版日期: 2026-02-11
基金资助
黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(2024-KYYWF-0167);黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(20250404110095)
Expert Consensus on Metabolic Disorders and Pain Management in Panvascular Diseases
Received date: 2025-08-13
Revised date: 2025-10-23
Accepted date: 2025-12-24
Online published: 2026-02-11
泛血管疾病(PVD)是以动脉粥样硬化为核心的系统性血管病变,可累及心、脑、肾及外周血管等多器官系统,其病理特征呈现“血管损伤-代谢紊乱-慢性炎症”相互作用的复杂态势。当前,糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压及肥胖等代谢异常状态,已成为推动疾病进展的关键因素。这类代谢紊乱不仅通过多重机制加剧血管损伤,还会诱导神经敏化并引发慢性疼痛,显著影响患者生活质量与远期预后,但在临床实践中,代谢异常的规范化管理与疼痛的有效控制常被割裂处理,跨学科协作不足的问题较为突出。为优化PVD综合诊疗质量、改善患者预后,《泛血管疾病代谢异常与疼痛管理专家共识》汇聚心血管科、内分泌科、麻醉科、疼痛科、中医针灸推拿科等多学科智慧,首次提出“代谢调控-血管修复-疼痛缓解”三位一体的协同干预框架。具体建议包括:①在控制代谢危险因素、优化血运重建的同时,重视疼痛的规范化评估与管理。②建立多学科协作治疗模式,明确各专科职责,通过数字化平台实现数据共享与干预调整。③药物治疗需兼顾血管保护、代谢调节与精准镇痛,合理选择心血管及代谢药物、镇痛药物。④非药物干预包括物理治疗、康复治疗、心理干预、手术与介入等,以减少药物不良反应、提升疗效。⑤中医药干预遵循辨证论治原则,与西医治疗形成互补。⑥特殊人群的疼痛管理需高度个体化,根据患者情况调整治疗方案。⑦构建结构化患者教育体系,提升治疗依从性及自我管理能力。
程磊
,
罗凛
,
孙东光
,
李全成
,
徐磊
,
滕晓丹
,
刘洋
,
郑晓瑜
,
朱晓丹
.
泛血管疾病代谢异常与疼痛管理专家共识
Panvascular disease is a systemic vascular disease with atherosclerosis as the core, which can involve the heart, brain, kidney, peripheral blood vessels and other organ systems. Its pathological characteristics show a complex interaction of "vascular injury, metabolic disorder, and chronic inflammation". At present, metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity have become key factors that promote the progression of diseases. These metabolic disorders not only aggravates vascular damage through multiple mechanisms, but also induces nerve sensitization and chronic pain, which significantly affects the quality of life and long-term prognosis of patients. However, in clinical practice, the standardized management of metabolic abnormalities and the effective control of pain are often treated separately, and the lack of interdisciplinary collaboration is a prominent problem. In order to optimize the quality of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of panvascular diseases and improve the prognosis of patients, the expert consensus on metabolic disorders and pain management in panvascular diseases brings together the wisdom of multidisciplinary departments such as cardiology, endocrinology, anesthesiology, pain medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation, and proposes for the first time a trinity collaborative intervention framework of "metabolic regulation, vascular repair, and pain relief". Specific recommendations include: ① Pay attention to the standardized assessment and management of pain while controlling metabolic risk factors and optimizing revascularization. ② Establishing a multidisciplinary collaborative treatment model, clarifying the responsibilities of each specialist, and realizing data sharing and intervention adjustment through a digital platform. ③ Drug therapy should take into account vascular protection, metabolic regulation and precise analgesia, and choose cardiovascular and metabolic drugs and analgesic drugs reasonably. ④ Non-pharmacological interventions include physical therapy, rehabilitation therapy, psychological intervention, surgery, and intervention to reduce drug side effects and improve efficacy. ⑤ TCM intervention follows the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is complementary to western medicine. ⑥ Pain management in special populations needs to be highly individualized, and the treatment plan should be adjusted according to the patient's condition. ⑦To build a structured patient education system to improve treatment compliance and self-management ability.
[1] 杨靖,张英梅,葛均波.泛血管疾病的筛查和早期发现[J].上海医学,2022,45(5):293-297.
[2] 徐索文,葛均波,翁建平.内皮功能失调与泛血管疾病[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2021,51(8):577-585.
[3] 唐玉香,冯晓桃.糖脂代谢紊乱对血管平滑肌细胞自噬的调控作用及药物研究进展[J].医学综述,2021,27(22):4512-4518.
[4] 郭晓坤,王林.炎症因素与动脉粥样硬化病变发病机制关系的研究进展[J]. 医学综述,2020,26(16):3160-3166.
[5] American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2 diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2024[J].Diabetes Care, 2024,47(Suppl 1):S20-S42.
[6] Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes[J].Eur Heart J, 2023,44(38):3720-3826.
[7] 中国神经病理性疼痛诊疗指南制订专家组,中国老年保健协会疼痛病学分会,程志祥,等.中国神经病理性疼痛诊疗指南(2024版)[J].中华疼痛学杂志,2024,20(4):484-508.
[8] European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO guidelines methodology[EB/OL].(2023-10-04)[2025-05-04].http://www.esmo.org/Guidelines/ESMO-Guidelines-Methodology.
[9] 葛均波.深化系统生物学理念 推进泛血管医学学科发展[J].中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(5):373-374.
[10] 崔京,李逸雯,罗斌玉,等.糖尿病泛血管病变:理念、现状与挑战[J].中国循证医学杂志,2023,23(2):133-138.
[11] 中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会,《2型糖尿病患者泛血管疾病风险评估与管理中国专家共识版)》专家组.2型糖尿病患者泛血管疾病风险评估与管理中国专家共识(2022版)[J]. 中国循环杂志,2022,37(10):974-990.
[12] Shi YM, Ou D, Li JT, et al. Genetically predicted apolipoprotein E levels with the risk of panvascular diseases:a mendelian randomization study[J].Cardiovasc Toxicol, 2024,24(4):385-395.
[13] Li S,Wang Y.Regulatory mechanism of DDX5 in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury through the miR-640/SOX6 axis[J].Clin Hemorheol Microcirc, 2024,88(2):157-170.
[14] 裴德根,李永光,陈文佳.高血压与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的研究进展[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2023,32(5):483-487.
[15] 林云,陈文鹤.肥胖症与动脉粥样硬化的关系研究进展[J].上海体育学院学报,2011,35(5):52-56.
[16] 中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会,苏州工业园区东方华夏心血管健康研究院.泛血管疾病代谢异常管理专家共识(2024版)[J].中华心血管病杂志(网络版),2025,8(1):1-18.
[17] Xu S,Ilyas I, Little PJ, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and beyond: from mechanism to pharmacotherapies[J].Pharmacol Rev, 2021,73(3):924-967.
[18] Leong XF.Lipid oxidation products on inflammation-mediated hypertension and atherosclerosis: a mini review[J]. Front Nutr, 2021,8:717740.
[19] Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, et al. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis[J].JAMA, 2007,297(11):1197-1206.
[20] Syed A, Hashmani S, Darr U, et al. Polyvascular disease in the gulf region: concealed marker of poor outcomes in acute coronary syndrome[J].Curr Probl Cardiol, 2022,47(12):101357.
[21] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写组.中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022概要[J].中国循环杂志,2023,38(6):583-612.
[22] Gutierrez JA, Mulder H, Jones WS, et al. Polyvascular disease and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in peripheral artery disease: a secondary analysis of the EUCLID trial[J].JAMA Netw Open, 2018,1(7):e185239.
[23] Gutierrez JA, Scirica BM, Bonaca MP, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of polyvascular (coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular) disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial)[J].Am J Cardiol, 2019,123(1):145-152.
[24] 李建军.血脂异常与动脉粥样硬化关系的现代观念[J].中国循环杂志,2022,37(3):212-214.
[25] El Hadri K, Smith R, Duplus E, et al. Inflammation, oxidative stress,senescence in atherosclerosis:thioredoxine-1 as an emerging therapeutic target[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2021,23(1):77.
[26] Zhai X, Cao S, Wang J, et al. Carbonylation of Runx2 at K176 by 4-Hydroxynonenal accelerates vascular calcification[J].Circulation, 2024,149(22):1752-1769.
[27] Houghton JSM, Saratzis AN, Sayers RD, et al. New horizons in peripheral artery disease[J].Age Ageing, 2024,53(6):afae114.
[28] 张慧,申文.血管内皮生长因子在神经病理性疼痛中作用的研究进展[J].中国疼痛医学杂志,2018,24(1):49-53.
[29] Zhang C, Ye L, Zhang Q, et al. The role of TRPV1 channels in atherosclerosis[J].Channels (Austin), 2020,14(1):141-150.
[30] 闫祥云,陶莲德,李迎春,等.疼痛灾难化的不良影响及非药物干预研究进展[J].安徽医学,2023,44(11):1396-1400.
[31] 孙兵,车晓明(整理).视觉模拟评分法(VAS)[J].中华神经外科杂志,2012,28(6):645-645.
[32] 李春蕊,张雯,樊碧发.数字评分法(NRS)与口述评分法(VRS)在老年慢性疼痛患者中的比较[J]. 中国疼痛医学杂志,2016,22(9):683-686.
[33] Thong ISK, Jensen MP, Miró J, et al. The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?[J].Scand J Pain, 2018,18(1):99-107.
[34] 马相飞.小儿疼痛评估方法及其相关性的临床研究[D].广西:广西医科大学,2007.
[35] 彭美慈,锺佩雯,梁颖琴,等.中文版晚期老年痴呆症疼痛评估量表的初步评价[J].中华护理杂志,2007,42(8):677-680.
[36] Yamada K, Mibu A, Kogo S, et al. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of pain disability index[J].PLoS One, 2022,17(9):e0274445.
[37] Edelen MO, Rodriguez A, Herman P, et al. Crosswalking the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity scores to the roland-morris disability questionnaire and the oswestry disability index[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2021,102(7):1317-1323.
[38] Kumban W, Kanlayanaphotporn R, Khutok K. Comparative responsiveness of the PROMIS-29 and SF-36 instruments in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain[J].J Orthop Sci, 2025,30(4):704-710.
[39] 杨靖,张英梅,葛均波.泛血管疾病防控—从疾病治疗到综合管理[J].中华心血管病杂志(网络版),2021,4(1):1-6.
[40] 毕齐.多学科融合综合管理泛血管疾病[J].中国脑血管病杂志,2022,19(3):145-147.
[41] Mangiafico RA, Mangiafico M. Medical treatment of critical limb ischemia: current state and future directions[J].Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2011,9(6):658-676.
[42] 岳琳,陈树春,牛姝,等.司美格鲁肽和恩格列净对肥胖小鼠主动脉结构和功能的影响[J].河北医科大学学报,2025,46(1):72-79.
[43] Enthoven WT, Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016,2(2):CD012087.
[44] Tesfaye S, Sloan G, Petrie J, et al. Comparison of amitriptyline supplemented with pregabalin, pregabalin supplemented with amitriptyline, and duloxetine supplemented with pregabalin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (OPTION-DM): a multicentre,double-blind, randomised crossover trial[J].Lancet, 2022,400(10353):680-690.
[45] Jones CMP, Langford A, Maher CG, et al. Opioids for acute musculoskeletal pain:a systematic review with Meta-analysis[J].Drugs, 2024,84(3):305-317.
[46] 孙诗琪,刘路,周梦荻,等.基于“干扰素-胶质细胞-中枢敏化”途径探析针刺治疗神经病理性疼痛的潜在机制[J]. 中华中医药杂志,2024,39(8):4240-4244.
[47] Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, et al. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia[J].J Vasc Surg, 2019,69(6S):3S-125S.
[48] 阮婷婷,翁明奇,吴璨,等.认知行为疗法和虚拟现实疗法干预神经性疼痛的作用及机制[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2023,50(10):2396-2405.
[49] Romanelli MR, Thayer JA, Neumeister MW. Ischemic pain[J].Clin Plast Surg, 2020,47(2):261-265.
[50] Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, et al. Effect of high-frequency (10 kHz) spinal cord stimulation in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA Neurol, 2021,78(6):687-698.
[51] 李明,王晓佳,刘刚.补阳还五汤联合针灸治疗糖尿病周围血管病变的疗效[J].世界中医药,2023,18(16):2367-2371.
[52] 王开欣,张攀,罗涛,等.芍药甘草汤加味联合中药熏洗治疗阴虚血瘀型糖尿病周围神经病变临床研究[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2023,25(9):212-216.
[53] 杨一玲,黄键澎,蒋丽,等.针刺干预慢性疼痛突触可塑性变化:“疼痛记忆”的机制探讨[J].针刺研究,2017,42(6):547-551.
[54] 闫慧新,管洪艺,孙嘉宝,等.糖尿病周围神经病变的推拿选穴及手法应用规律探析[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2023,25(9):2942-2949.
[55] Yoo M, D'Silva LJ, Martin K, et al. Pilot study of exercise therapy on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy[J].Pain Med, 2015,16(8):1482-1489.
[56] 孙仰婷,刘晓英,龙尚丽,等.加巴喷丁联合依帕司他治疗痛性糖尿病周围神经病变的效果[J]. 西北药学杂志,2024,39(1):143-146.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |