局部晚期直肠癌患者新辅助治疗的研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-12-20
修回日期: 2025-07-07
录用日期: 2026-03-18
网络出版日期: 2026-03-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32270951)
Research Progress on Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Received date: 2024-12-20
Revised date: 2025-07-07
Accepted date: 2026-03-18
Online published: 2026-03-19
目的:围绕局部晚期直肠癌(locally advanced rectal cancer,LARC)新辅助治疗的演进过程,系统回顾新辅助放化疗、全程新辅助治疗、免疫联合及器官保留策略的研究进展,重点分析免疫联合治疗的适应人群、疗效预测及生物标志物探索。同时,结合当前临床证据和前沿研究,探讨实现真正个体化、低毒性且高响应率治疗的可行路径,旨在为未来优化LARC综合治疗模式提供理论参考与实践指引。方法:通过系统梳理近年国内外LARC临床试验与研究进展,重点回顾新辅助放化疗、全程新辅助治疗、免疫治疗、观察等待(W&W)策略的适应人群、疗效数据与生物标志物预测价值,并分析其在中低位LARC中的临床意义。结果:全程新辅助治疗策略显著提高了局部晚期直肠癌患者的病理完全缓解(pCR)率与临床完全缓解(cCR)率,为中低位肿瘤提供器官保留可能;免疫治疗在错配修复缺陷/微卫星不稳定(dMMR/MSI-H)患者中疗效显著,微卫星稳定(MSS)人群的联合策略亦具潜力;合理评估cCR与选择W&W路径需多学科支持与精准分型。结论:器官保留导向下的新辅助治疗策略日趋多元,全程新辅助治疗与免疫治疗为功能维持提供有效手段。未来应加强个体化分型、疗效预测与cCR判定标准构建,以实现局部晚期直肠癌患者治疗路径的精准优化。
张涵悦
,
黄诗
,
柯舒慧
,
林丹丹
.
局部晚期直肠癌患者新辅助治疗的研究进展
Objective: This paper focuses on the evolving landscape of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), systematically summarizing the research progress on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), immunotherapy-based combinations, and organ-preserving strategies. Special attention is given to the patient selection, efficacy prediction, and biomarker development for combined immunotherapy. Meanwhile, based on current clinical evidence and frontier researches, this paper further explore feasible approaches to achieve individualized, low-toxicity, and high-response-rate treatment, aiming to provide both theoretical reference and practical guidance for optimizing LARC treatment.Methods: By systematically reviewing the progress of LARC clinical trials and researches at home and abroad in recent years, this paper focuses on reviewing the target populations, therapeutic outcomes, and biomarker predictive value of nCRT, TNT, immunotherapy, and watch-and-wait (W&W) strategies, particularly in the context of mid-to-low rectal cancers.Results: TNT significantly improves both pathological complete response (pCR) and clinical complete response (cCR) rates in patients with LARC, offering increased potential for organ preservation in lower tumors. Immunotherapy demonstrates robust efficacy in patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, while combination strategies show promise in microsatellite stable (MSS) populations. Accurate assessment of cCR and appropriate use of W&W approaches require multidisciplinary support and precise molecular subtyping.Conclusion: NAT strategies aimed at organ preservation are becoming increasingly diverse. Both TNT and immunotherapy offer valuable avenues for functional preservation. Future efforts should focus on individualized molecular classification, response prediction, and standardization of cCR assessment to enable more precise and personalized treatment pathways for patients with LARC.
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