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监管科学

美国细胞基因治疗药品批准前检查运行机制分析

  • 李小芬 ,
  • 秦晓燕 ,
  • 尹慧芳 ,
  • 范乙
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  • 国家药品监督管理局药品审评检查长三角分中心,上海 201203
李小芬,女,高级工程师,研究方向:药品审评检查和监管科学研究

收稿日期: 2025-05-12

  修回日期: 2025-07-11

  录用日期: 2025-11-15

  网络出版日期: 2026-03-19

基金资助

长三角区域药品领域创新与高质量发展监管科学研究(24692122700)

Analysis of the Pre-approval Inspection Operational Mechanism for Cell and Gene Therapy Products in the United States

  • Xiaofen Li ,
  • Xiao-Yan QIN ,
  • 慧芳 尹
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  • Yangtze River Delta Center for Drug Evaluation and Inspection of NMPA Shanghai 201203, China

Received date: 2025-05-12

  Revised date: 2025-07-11

  Accepted date: 2025-11-15

  Online published: 2026-03-19

摘要

细胞基因治疗(cell and gene therapyCGT)作为现代生物医学领域的革命性技术,通过对细胞或基因的修饰、编辑与递送,为癌症、遗传疾病、罕见病等传统医学难以攻克的病症提供了治愈可能。随着嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法、腺相关病毒(AAV)基因疗法等产品陆续获批上市,该领域呈现出技术迭代加速、产业规模迅速扩张的态势。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)细胞基因治疗药品的监管检查流程科学严谨,系统研究FDA在细胞基因治疗药品批准前检查中的法规要求、检查流程与实践经验,对于构建符合我国产业特征的检查体系,提升监管科学水平,加速创新疗法从实验室到临床应用的转化进程具有重要的现实意义。本研究通过系统梳理美国药品注册相关法律法规文件,深入研究细胞基因治疗药品在批准前的检查流程,涵盖检查的启动机制、检查的依据与目标、检查的范围与重点、检查结果的处理与反馈机制,并从全生命周期监管角度分析了美国细胞基因治疗药品批准前检查的监管机制,旨在学习国际先进监管理念,为我国同类药品监管体系的优化提供借鉴。


本文引用格式

李小芬 , 秦晓燕 , 尹慧芳 , 范乙 .

美国细胞基因治疗药品批准前检查运行机制分析

[J]. 中国医药导刊, 2026 , 28(2) : 129 -129-134 . DOI: magtech.2025.05.12-00001

Abstract

Cell and gene therapy CGT), as a revolutionary technology in the field of modern biomedicine provides the possibility of curing diseases such as cancer genetic diseases and rare diseases that are difficult to overcome by traditional medicine through the modification editing and delivery of cells or genes. With the successive approval and marketing of products like chimeric antigen receptor T cell CAR-T therapy and adeno-associated virus AAV gene therapy this field has witnessed accelerated technological iteration and rapid industrial expansion. The U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationFDA has established a scientifically rigorous and systematic regulatory inspection framework for CGT products. Systematically studying the regulatory requirements inspection procedures and practical experience of the FDA in pre-approval inspectionsPAIs for CGT products holds significant practical importance for building an inspection system aligned with China's industrial characteristics enhancing the level of regulatory science and accelerating the translation process of innovative therapies from the laboratory to clinical application. This research comprehensively reviews relevant U.S. drug registration laws regulations and documents providing an in-depth analysis of the pre-approval inspection process for CGT products covering the inspection initiation mechanism the basis and objectives of inspections the scope and focus of inspections and the handling and feedback mechanisms for inspection results. Furthermore it analyzes the regulatory mechanism of U.S. PAI regulatory approach for CGTs through the lens of lifecycle-based oversight. The study aims to learn from internationally advanced regulatory concepts to offer insights for optimizing China's regulatory framework for such products.

 

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