造血干细胞移植术后儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染风险及疫苗保护效果的研究进展
收稿日期: 2025-09-19
修回日期: 2025-11-20
录用日期: 2026-03-18
网络出版日期: 2026-04-21
基金资助
浦东新区卫生健康委员会面上项目(PW2024A-28);浦东新区卫生健康委员会重点学科(PWZxk2022-25);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)优秀学科带头人(GWVI-11.2-XD08);浦东疾控(卫监)科技项目(PDCDC-KJ-2025-13)
Study on the Incidence Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Vaccine Protection Efficacy in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Received date: 2025-09-19
Revised date: 2025-11-20
Accepted date: 2026-03-18
Online published: 2026-04-21
造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)术后儿童因受原发性疾病和免疫抑制治疗等多种因素的共同影响,其免疫功能显著受损,导致感染乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)的风险大幅增加。HBV的再激活率可达10%~20%,部分儿童甚至可能出现急性肝功能衰竭或移植失败的情况。乙型病毒性肝炎(以下简称乙肝)疫苗是目前预防HBV感染最有效的手段。近年来,随着社会关注度的不断提升,关于HSCT术后儿童这一特殊群体的HBV感染风险、疫苗免疫效果及其安全性方面的研究逐渐增多,然而不同研究间结果存在较大异质性。本研究通过系统检索PubMed、CNKI等数据库中2014—2025年间发表的相关文献资料,旨在全面梳理HSCT术后儿童HBV感染的现状、感染风险及其发病机制,总结该人群接种乙肝疫苗后的免疫效果、安全性以及影响因素,为我国HSCT术后儿童的精准诊疗和乙肝疫苗免疫策略的优化提供科学依据。
邓鹏飞
,
张瑞
,
杨天
,
费怡
.
造血干细胞移植术后儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染风险及疫苗保护效果的研究进展
Children following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience significantly impaired immune function due to the combined effects of their underlying disease and immunosuppressive therapy, which substantially increases their risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The rate of HBV reactivation can reach 10% to 20%, with some children potentially developing acute liver failure or experiencing transplant failure. The hepatitis B vaccine remains the most scientifically sound and effective means of preventing HBV infection. In recent years, growing societal attention has led to a growing body of research on HBV infection risk, vaccine efficacy, and safety in this specific population of post-HSCT children. However, substantial heterogeneity exists among the findings of different studies. This study systematically retrieves relevant literature published between 2014 and 2025 from authoritative databases such as PubMed and CNKI, to comprehensively review the epidemiological status, infection risks, and pathogenesis of HBV infection in post-HSCT children, summarize the immunogenicity, safety, and influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination in this population, and provide a scientific reference for precision diagnosis and treatment as well as optimization of hepatitis B vaccination strategies for pediatric HSCT recipients in China.
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