ADC靶点多样化发展及其在肿瘤治疗中的临床应用
收稿日期: 2024-12-17
修回日期: 2025-03-18
录用日期: 2026-02-06
网络出版日期: 2026-05-26
基金资助
甘肃省武威市市级科技计划项目(WW25Z01SF012);甘肃省武威市青年人才基金项目(2023WW00983);甘肃省中医药科研课题(GZKP-2022-47)
Diversification of Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targets and Their Applications in Tumor Treatment
Received date: 2024-12-17
Revised date: 2025-03-18
Accepted date: 2026-02-06
Online published: 2026-05-26
化疗药物因肿瘤耐药性及非选择性细胞毒性导致的严重不良反应,极大地限制了其在临床中的广泛应用。靶向药物、免疫检查点抑制剂等新型抗肿瘤药物的出现弥补了化疗药物的部分缺陷,但随其发展又衍生出新的问题,如靶向药物的耐药性导致单药靶向治疗极少能够达到长期存活或治愈的目的,免疫治疗起效缓慢且需联合化疗使用。抗体偶联药物(ADC)通过可裂解/不可裂解连接子将单克隆抗体与强效细胞毒性药物偶联,实现了精准靶向与高效杀伤的结合,成为肿瘤治疗领域的重要突破。ADC核心优势在于选择性递送细胞毒性药物至肿瘤细胞,减少系统毒性,同时通过旁观者效应增强疗效,实现了靶向性、稳定性、协同增效性的统一,有效提高了抗肿瘤的收益风险比。近年来,ADC的靶点(如HER2、TROP2、CD79b等)选择日益多样化,覆盖肿瘤的多种关键抗原,推动了临床治疗的革新。本研究系统阐述全球已上市ADC的靶向抗原种类、分子作用机制及临床治疗效果,旨在为肿瘤精准治疗的药物研发与临床应用提供理论依据与实践指导。
关键词: 抗体偶联药物;靶向性;化疗药物;肿瘤;临床疗效
张军安
,
李磊
,
吴成斌
.
ADC靶点多样化发展及其在肿瘤治疗中的临床应用
Chemotherapeutic agents face significant clinical constraints due to tumor drug resistance and severe adverse reactions caused by non-selective cytotoxicity. While novel anticancer therapies such as targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have partially addressed these limitations, new challenges have emerged: targeted therapies are hindered by acquired resistance, rarely achieving long-term survival or cure through monotherapy. Immunotherapies exhibit delayed onset of action and often require combinatorial approaches with chemotherapy to enhance response rates.Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a transformative breakthrough in oncology by covalently linking monoclonal antibodies to potent cytotoxic agents via cleavable or non-cleavable linkers. This innovative design achieves the integration of precision targeting and high-efficiency tumor eradication, addressing the long-standing challenge of balancing efficacy and toxicity in cancer treatment.The core advantages of ADCs lie in their ability to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to tumor cells, thereby minimizing systemic toxicity while amplifying therapeutic efficacy through the bystander effect. By unifying target specificity, structural stability, and synergistic potency, ADCs significantly improve the therapeutic risk-benefit ratio in anticancer interventions.In recent years, the diversification of ADC targets has expanded to cover multiple key tumor-associated antigens (e.g., HER2, TROP2, CD79b), driving groundbreaking innovations in clinical oncology. This study comprehensively analyzes the spectrum of target antigens, molecular mechanisms of action, and clinical therapeutic outcomes of globally approved ADCs, to establish a robust theoretical foundation and actionable strategies for advancing precision medicine in oncology, guiding both drug development and clinical practice.
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