基于孟德尔随机化的代谢综合征及其组成部分与甲状腺疾病的因果关系探讨
收稿日期: 2025-08-07
修回日期: 2025-11-05
录用日期: 2025-12-24
网络出版日期: 2026-05-26
基金资助
哈尔滨市科技计划自筹经费项目(2023ZCZJNS108)
Exploration of the Causal Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components and Thyroid Diseases Based on Mendelian Randomization
Received date: 2025-08-07
Revised date: 2025-11-05
Accepted date: 2025-12-24
Online published: 2026-05-26
目的:采用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析,探讨代谢综合征(MetS)及其组成部分与常见甲状腺疾病之间的因果关联。方法:从欧洲人群公开的遗传变异汇总数据库,提取筛选MetS及其组成部分与甲状腺功能障碍性疾病相关的单核苷酸多态性信息作为遗传工具变量,以逆方差加权法(IVW)作为主要因果效应评估方法,MR-Egger 回归、加权中位数法和Weighted Mode 法等作为补充,用错误发现率(FDR)矫正结果,随后进行敏感性分析。若正向MR发现暴露与结局呈正相关,则进行反向MR分析。结果:经FDR纠正后,强关联结果显示:MetS是甲状腺癌(OR=1.51,95%CI=1.11~2.05,PFDR=0.039)、甲状腺功能减退症(OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01~1.02,PFDR=4.80×10-9)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.72,95%CI=1.43~2.07,PFDR=5.54×10-8)的危险因素;腰围是甲状腺功能减退症(OR=1.02,95%CI=1.01~1.02,PFDR=1.09×10-23)和桥本甲状腺炎(OR=1.55,95%CI=1.35~1.78,PFDR=4.80×10-9)的危险因素;高血压是桥本甲状腺炎(OR=2.63,95%CI=1.85~3.73,PFDR=3.59×10-7)的危险因素。反向MR分析结果均为阴性,敏感性分析证明结果稳健性。结论:MetS与甲状腺癌、甲状腺功能减退症和桥本甲状腺炎;腰围与甲状腺功能减退症和桥本甲状腺炎;高血压与桥本甲状腺炎均存在正向因果关联,评估MetS及其组成部分可以作为预防和诊断特定甲状腺功能障碍疾病的手段。
赵梁
,
李佳睿
,
赵博言
,
孙树德
,
杜丽坤
.
基于孟德尔随机化的代谢综合征及其组成部分与甲状腺疾病的因果关系探讨
Objective: This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationships between (Metabolic syndrome) MetS and its individual components and common thyroid diseases.Methods: Genetic instrumental variables were selected based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with MetS, its components, and thyroid dysfunction, extracted from publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets of European ancestry populations. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach to estimate causal effects, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to account for multiple testing, followed by comprehensive sensitivity analyses to assess the validity of instrumental variables and the robustness of results. In cases where a significant forward association was observed, reverse MR analyses were conducted to evaluate bidirectional causality.Results: Following FDR correction, robust associations indicated that MetS was causally associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.11-2.05, PFDR=0.039), hypothyroidism (OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.02, PFDR=4.80×10-9), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.43-2.07, PFDR=5.54×10-8). Additionally, elevated waist circumference was identified as a causal risk factor for hypothyroidism (OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.02, PFDR=1.09×10-23) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.35-1.78, PFDR=4.80×10-9), while hypertension was significantly associated with an increased risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR=2.63, 95%CI=1.85-3.73, PFDR=3.59×10-7). Reverse MR analyses yielded no significant associations, supporting the directionality of the observed effects. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability and robustness of the findings, with no evidence of substantial pleiotropy or bias.Conclusion: This study provides evidence of positive causal associations between MetS and thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; between waist circumference and both hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; and between hypertension and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings suggest that monitoring MetS and its constituent components may serve as a valuable strategy for the early identification and prevention of specific thyroid disorders.
[1] Lin Z, Sun L. Research advances in the therapy of metabolic syndrome[J].Front Pharmacol,2024,15:1364881.
[2] Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement[J].Circulation, 2005,112(17):2735-2752.
[3] Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, et al. Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: a meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2022,188:109924.
[4] Chong B, Kong G, Shankar K, et al. The global syndemic of metabolic diseases in the young adult population: a consortium of trends and projections from the global burden of disease 2000-2019[J].Metabolism, 2023,141:155402.
[5] Verma DP, Chaudhary SC, Singh A, et al. Hypothyroidism in metabolic syndrome[J].Ann Afr Med,2024,23(4):717-722.
[6] Kim HJ, Park SJ, Park HK, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity and metabolic syndrome: a nationwide population-based study[J].Eur J Endocrinol. 2021,185(5):707-715.
[7] Raposo L, Martins S, Ferreira D, et al. Metabolic syndrome, thyroid function and autoimmunity - the PORMETS study[J].Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2019,19(1):75-83.
[8] Pingitore A, Gaggini M, Mastorci F, et al. Metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk: the triptych of evil[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2024,25(19):10628.
[9] Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement[J].JAMA, 2021,326(16):1614-1621.
[10] Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S. What can Mendelian randomisation tell us about modifiable behavioural and environmental exposures?[J].BMJ, 2005,330(7499):1076-1079.
[11] Gagliano Taliun SA, Evans DM. Ten simple rules for conducting a mendelian randomization study[J].PLoS Comput Biol, 2021,17(8):e1009238.
[12] Glickman ME, Rao SR, Schultz MR. False discovery rate control is a recommended alternative to Bonferroni-type adjustments in health studies[J].J Clin Epidemiol, 2014,67(8):850-857.
[13] van Walree ES, Jansen IE, Bell NY, et al. Disentangling genetic risks for metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes,2022,71(11):2447-2457.
[14] Chen J, Spracklen CN, Marenne G, et al. The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits[J].Nat Genet, 2021,53(6):840-860.
[15] Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population[J].Nature, 2023,613(7944):508-518.
[16] Cerezo M, Sollis E, Ji Y, et al. The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog: standards for reusability, sustainability and diversity[J].Nucleic Acids Res, 2025,53(D1):D998-D1005.
[17] Hemani G, Tilling K, Davey Smith G. Orienting the causal relationship between imprecisely measured traits using GWAS summary data[J].PLoS Genet, 2017,13(11):e1007081.
[18] Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, et al. Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants[J].Epidemiology, 2017,28(1):30-42.
[19] Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Burgess S. Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression[J].Int J Epidemiol, 2015,44(2):512-525.
[20] Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, et al. Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator[J].Genet Epidemiol, 2016,40(4):304-314.
[21] Hartwig FP, Davey Smith G, Bowden J. Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption[J].Int J Epidemiol, 2017,46(6):1985-1998.
[22] Zhu J, Zhou D, Wang J, et al. Frailty and cardiometabolic diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study[J].Age Ageing, 2022,51(11):256.
[23] Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, et al. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases[J].Nat Genet, 2018,50(8):1196.
[24] Bowden J. Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the radial plot and radial regression[J].Int J Epidemiol, 2018,47(4):1264-1278.
[25] Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, et al. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism[J].Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2018,14(5):301-316.
[26] Tan H, Wang S, Huang F, et al. Association between breast cancer and thyroid cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2023,14:1138149.
[27] Islam MS, Wei P, Suzauddula M, et al. The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity[J].Mol Med, 2024,30(1):279.
[28] He J, Lai Y, Yang J, et al. The relationship between thyroid function and metabolic syndrome and its components: a cross-sectional study in a Chinese population[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021,12:661160.
[29] Esposito K, Chiodini P, Colao A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Diabetes Care, 2012,35(11):2402-2411.
[30] Lee JS, Cho SI, Park HS. Metabolic syndrome and cancer-related mortality among Korean men and women[J].Ann Oncol, 2010,21(3):640-645.
[31] Park JH, Choi M, Kim JH, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of thyroid cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study[J].Thyroid, 2020,30(10):1496-1504.
[32] Grimm D. Recent advances in thyroid cancer research[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2022,23(9):4631.
[33] Vella V, Malaguarnera R. The emerging role of insulin receptor isoforms in thyroid cancer: clinical implications and new perspectives[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2018,19(12):3814.
[34] Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhou T, et al. Adiponectin and thyroid cancer: insight into the association between adiponectin and obesity[J].Aging Dis, 2021,12(2):597-613.
[35] Kitahara CM, Sosa JA, Shiels MS. Influence of nomenclature changes on trends in papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 2000 to 2017[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2020,105(12):e4823-e4830.
[36] Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, et al. Hypothyroidism[J].Lancet, 2017,390(10101):1550-1562.
[37] Brenta G. Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction?[J].J Thyroid Res, 2011,2011:152850.
[38] Vyakaranam S, Vanaparthy S, Nori S, et al. Study of insulin resistance in subclinical hypothyroidism[J].Int J Health Sci Res, 2014,4(9):147-153.
[39] Völzke H, Alte D, Dörr M, et al. The association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and blood pressure in a population-based study[J].J Hypertens, 2006,24(10):1947-1953.
[40] Duntas LH, Orgiazzi J, Brabant G. The interface between thyroid and diabetes mellitus[J].Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2011,75(1):1-9.
[41] Ralli M, Angeletti D, Fiore M, et al. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation[J].Autoimmun Rev, 2020,19(10):102649.
[42] Ragusa F, Fallahi P, Elia G, et al. Hashimotos' thyroiditis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy[J].Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019,33(6):101367.
[43] Pyzik A, Grywalska E, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B, et al. Immune disorders in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: what do we know so far?[J].J Immunol Res, 2015,2015:979167.
[44] Marzullo P, Minocci A, Tagliaferri MA, et al. Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010,95(8):3965-3972.
[45] Cui B, Chen A, Xu C, et al. Causal relationship between antihypertensive drugs and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2024,15:1419346.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |