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临床医药

儿童青少年近视的防控策略研究

  • 于瀛琦
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  • 北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京 100037
于瀛琦,女,主管公卫医师,研究方向:学校卫生

收稿日期: 2025-11-14

  修回日期: 2025-12-29

  录用日期: 2026-02-06

  网络出版日期: 2026-05-26

Prevention and Control Strategies for Myopia in Children and Adolescents

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  • Haidian Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100037, China

Received date: 2025-11-14

  Revised date: 2025-12-29

  Accepted date: 2026-02-06

  Online published: 2026-05-26

摘要

目的:为制定科学、精准、有效的儿童青少年近视防控策略提供坚实的理论依据和明确的实践指导,助力构建全方位的儿童视力健康防护体系。方法:通过文献研究法,系统梳理儿童近视的流行病学特征、遗传与环境交互作用机制以及相关近视防控措施。结果:儿童青少年近视及视力不良的流行病学特征表现为:经济发达地区高于欠发达地区,女生显著高于男生,城市显著高于农村。其发病机制主要涉及生物力学机制、调节与离焦理论,以及神经递质与信号通路的调控作用。近视的发生发展受遗传因素及多种环境因素共同影响,包括近距离用眼、户外活动不足、照明条件不佳与不良用眼习惯等。当前主要预防措施包括倡导合理饮食、增加户外活动时间、保持健康用眼行为、开展视力筛查并建立视力健康档案。近视的矫正与控制措施包括佩戴框架眼镜、角膜接触镜、重复低强度红光照射、药物治疗、联合疗法等手段。结论:随着社会环境的变化,儿童青少年近视的患病率明显上升,儿童青少年视力问题已成为社会关注的公共卫生问题,应积极推动儿童青少年合理膳食,养成健康的用眼习惯,完善视力筛查体系,并通过家庭、学校与社会的多方协作,共同营造健康的视觉环境。

 

本文引用格式

于瀛琦 .

儿童青少年近视的防控策略研究

[J]. 中国医药导刊, 2026 , 28(4) : 455 -455-459 . DOI: 10.1009-0959.2026.020012

Abstract

Objective: To provide a solid theoretical basis and clear practical guidance for formulating scientific precise and effective myopia prevention and control strategies for children and adolescents and to assist in constructing a comprehensive visual health protection system for children. Methods: The literature research method was adopted to systematically sort out the epidemiological characteristics of childhood myopia the interaction mechanism of genetics and environment and related myopia prevention and control measures. Results: The epidemiological characteristics of myopia and poor eyesight in children and adolescents showed that the prevalence was higher in economically developed regions than in underdeveloped regions significantly higher in females than in males and significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Its pathogenesis mainly involves biomechanical mechanisms accommodation and defocus theory as well as the regulatory role of neurotransmitters and signaling pathways. The occurrence and development of myopia are jointly affected by genetic factors and various environmental factors including close-range eye use insufficient outdoor activities poor lighting conditions and bad visual habits. The current main preventive measures include advocating a reasonable diet increasing outdoor activity time maintaining healthy visual behaviors conducting vision screening and establishing visual health record. Myopia correction and control measures include wearing frame glasses contact lenses repeated low-intensity red light irradiation drug treatmentand combination therapy. Conclusion: With the changes in the social environment the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents has increased significantly and visual problems of children and adolescents have become an public health issue of social concern. It is necessary to actively promote a reasonable diet for children and adolescents help them develop healthy visual habits improve the vision screening system and jointly create a healthy visual environment through multi-party cooperation between families schools and society.


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