基于“脾为之卫”辨治肺癌T细胞耗竭的理论探析
收稿日期: 2025-12-16
修回日期: 2026-03-13
录用日期: 2026-04-20
网络出版日期: 2026-06-29
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年项目(82104454);安徽省临床医学研究转化专项(202304295107020111);安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2308085MH291);安徽省研究生教育质量工程项目(2024xscx112,2025kcszsfkc062);安徽省质量工程项目(2024aijy156);2025年度大学生创新创业训练计划省级项目(S202510369042)
Exploring the Theory of "the Spleen as the Defender" in Diagnosing and Treating T Cell Exhaustion in Lung Cancer
Received date: 2025-12-16
Revised date: 2026-03-13
Accepted date: 2026-04-20
Online published: 2026-06-29
肺癌是全球发病率和致死率较高的恶性肿瘤,对人类健康构成严重威胁。本研究通过梳理肺癌“正亏邪滞→肺气失和→瘀痰交阻→日久成积”的中医病因病机走向规律,以及T细胞免疫耗竭“耗竭前期1→耗竭前期2→耗竭中期→耗竭末期”的病理推演过程,将两者与“脾为之卫”控因防病、护卫抗邪、扶正祛邪的功能特点交融贯通,深入阐述在肺癌免疫编辑的免疫清除、免疫均衡及免疫逃逸的3个阶段中T细胞耗竭过程与卫气、营卫二气及脾肾元气三者之间的功能联系,以及“脾伤卫郁→脾损营虚→脾衰阳微”的“脾失之卫”病理状态演变。基于积聚癥瘕痞满皆太阴湿土之气,脾与肺同属“太阴经”,且为母子相生关系,故得出肺癌发生发展受“脾为之卫”调控,并与T细胞耗竭密切相关。基于“脾为之卫”理论,结合肺癌初、中、末期的临床证候特征,以培补脾元为根本,分别运用宣肺解郁、养阴解毒、温阳培土诸法,以达化痰湿、调营卫、复正气之效,实现调畅气机、调和气血阴阳的扶正抑癌目标,从而提升肺癌各时期中T细胞的免疫活性,纠正肺癌免疫微环境失衡,阻断T细胞耗竭进程,为中医药提高临床肺癌诊治的综合疗效、改善患者治疗预后提供重要的理论与辨治思路。
黄思敏
,
张露
,
戴丽娟
,
王思雨
,
陶可
,
张星星
,
高雅婷
,
陆婷婷
.
基于“脾为之卫”辨治肺癌T细胞耗竭的理论探析
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, posing a significant threat to human health. By analyzing the traditional Chinese medicine etiological and pathogenesis pattern of lung cancer, characterized by a sequence of “Vital Qi Deficiency and Pathogen Stagnation → Lung Qi Disharmony → Intersection of Blood Stasis and Phlegm → Eventually Leading to Tumour Formation”, and the stages of T-cell immune exhaustion, which include “T cell exhaustion progenitors 1, Texprog1→ T cell exhaustion progenitors 2, Texprog2 → T cell exhaustion intermediate, Texint → T cell exhaustion terminally, Texterm”, this study explores the integration of the theory of “the Spleen as the Defender”, which involves disease prevention through cause control, defense against pathogens, and supporting the body to expel evil influences, with the stages of T cell exhaustion in the immune editing of lung cancer. It delves into the functional relationships between T cell exhaustion and the defensive Qi, the nutrient- defensive Qi, and the original Qi of the spleen and kidney during the phases of immune clearance, immune equilibrium, and immune escape. Additionally, it discusses the pathological progression of “Spleen’s Loss of Guardian Function”, which includes stages from “Spleen Injury and Defensive Qi Stagnation” to “Spleen Damage and Nutrient-Defensive Qi Impairment”, and finally to “Spleen Decline and Yang Deficiency”. Considering that the formation of masses and abdominal distension in the body is attributed to the influence of the Taiyin Damp Earth Qi, and that the spleen and the lung both belong to the “Taiyin Meridian” with a maternal-fetal interdependent relationship, it is inferred that the development of lung cancer is governed by the concept of “the Spleen as the Defender” and is intricately linked to the process of T cell exhaustion. Based on the theory of “the Spleen as the Defender”, and in conjunction with the clinical syndrome characteristics of the initial, middle, and terminal stages of lung cancer, the fundamental approach is to nourish the spleen’s essence. This involves using various methods such as ventilating the lungs to resolve depression, nourishing Yin to detoxify, and warming Yang to strengthen the spleen-earth, in order to achieve the effects of resolving phlegm and dampness, regulating nutrient-defense Qi, and restoring vital Qi. The goal is to balance the flow of Qi, harmonize the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood, and support the body to suppress cancer, thereby enhancing the immune activity of T cells at various stages of lung cancer, correcting the imbalance of the immune microenvironment in lung cancer, and blocking the process of T-cell exhaustion. It can provide important theoretical and therapeutic ideas for traditional Chinese medicine to improve the comprehensive treatment efficacy of lung cancer patients in clinical practice.
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