基于“一气周流、土枢四象”理论辨治失眠的经验拾萃
1.广东省中西医结合医院,广东 佛山 528200;
2.暨南大学中医学院,广东 广州 510000;
3.广州中医药大学,广东 广州 510006收稿日期: 2025-09-01
修回日期: 2025-12-26
录用日期: 2026-03-18
网络出版日期: 2026-08-17
基金资助
国家中医药管理局中医药专款项目(GZY-KJS-2019-002);2025广东省中医药局科研项目(20251052);佛山市“十四五”医学重点专科(FSGSP145082);佛山市南海区“十四五”医学重点、特色专科建设项目(南卫健〔2021〕211号-15)
Clinical Experience Summary on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia Based on the Theory of "Qi Circle in Round, Earth Pivot Four Organs"
Received date: 2025-09-01
Revised date: 2025-12-26
Accepted date: 2026-03-18
Online published: 2026-08-17
失眠在中医学中属于“不寐”范畴,病因多与情志不畅、劳逸失调等有关,病机为阳盛阴衰、阴阳失交导致的阴阳失调,治法多以补虚泻实,调整脏腑阴阳为原则。现代医学认为,失眠与“脑-肠轴”功能紊乱存在着密切且双向的因果关系。已有研究证实,中医药治疗失眠具有疗效显著、副作用小、预后良好等优势。“一气周流、土枢四象”理论源于中医经典,是中医“胃不和则卧不安”理论的进一步创新,以中土脾胃为气机升降沉浮及阴阳变换之枢机,主张脾升则东方肝木及南方肾水浮升、胃降则西方肺金及北方心火沉降。田宁教授认为,失眠以中土脾胃病变为致病基础,且与现代医学中“脑-肠轴”失眠发病理论高度契合,同时提出以木郁、火炎、水寒为重要发病因素。临床治疗上侧重调理中土脾胃为主,并兼顾肝、肾、肺、心等四象脏腑,选方用药上常用黄氏黄芽汤、金鼎汤、上下两济丹等方加减化裁,临床疗效显著。现代药理学研究证实,上述所选中药的有效成分(如多糖、黄酮、皂苷等)既能直接影响大脑皮层以调节睡眠节律,又能通过调节消化系统的神经递质、改善肠道菌群等,从而借助“脑-肠轴”通路来间接改善失眠症状。现将田宁教授基于“一气周流”理论治疗失眠的临床经验做以综述,旨在为临床辨证论治、完善中医学理论体系提供参考。
罗海军
,
聂莹
,
张玉威
,
张琬淇
,
黄立
,
刘礼卫
,
唐薇
,
田宁
.
基于“一气周流、土枢四象”理论辨治失眠的经验拾萃
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), insomnia falls under the category of "bu mei", with etiologies often related to emotional distress, imbalance between work and rest. The pathogenesis involves a dysfunction of yin and yang due to yang excess and yin deficiency. The therapentic methods primarily based on tonifying deficiency and purging excess, as well as regulating the yin and yang of the zang-fu organs. Modern medicine posits that there exists close and bidirectional causal relationship between insomnia and dysfunction of the "brain-gut axis". Existing researches have confirmed that TCM has advantages in treating insomnia, such as significant efficacy, pew side effects, and good prognosis. The theory of "qi circle in round, earth pirot four organs" originated from TCM classics and is a further innovation of the theory of "stomach disharmony leads to sleeping restless". The theory takes the middle earth (spleen and stomach) as the cardinal points of qi movement, rising and falling, and yin and yang transformation, and advocates that when the spleen qi rises, the eastern liver-wood and southern kidney water rise, and when the stomach qi descends, the western lung-metal and northern heart-fire dounard. Professor Tian Ning believes that insomnia is based on the disorder of the spleen and stomach in the middle earth, and is highly consistent with the modern medicine insomnin onsee theory of "brain-gut axis". At the same time, he proposes that wood depression, fire inflammation, and water cold are important pathogenic factors. Clinical treatment mainly focuses on regulating the spleen and stomach, while also taking into account the liver, kidney, lung, heart. Commonly used formulas include huang shi huangya tang, Jin ding tang, and Shangxia Liangji pills, with modification adjusement, and the clinical efficacy is significant. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that the active ingredients of the selected TCM (such as polysaccharides, flavonoidand saponins) can not only directly affect the cerebral cortex to regulate sleep rhythms but also indirectly improve insomnia symptoms via the "brain-gut axis" by regulating neurotransmitters in the digestivnd improving the gut microbiota. This study reviews professor Tian Ning clinical experience in treating insomnia based on "qi circle in round" theory, aiming to provide a reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment and the improvement of the theoretical system of TCM.
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