CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL GUIDE ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 455-455-459.doi: 10.1009-0959.2026.020012

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Prevention and Control Strategies for Myopia in Children and Adolescents

YU Yingqi   

  1. Haidian Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100037, China
  • Received:2025-11-14 Revised:2025-12-29 Accepted:2026-02-06 Online:2026-04-28 Published:2026-05-26

Abstract:

Objective: To provide a solid theoretical basis and clear practical guidance for formulating scientific precise and effective myopia prevention and control strategies for children and adolescents and to assist in constructing a comprehensive visual health protection system for children. Methods: The literature research method was adopted to systematically sort out the epidemiological characteristics of childhood myopia the interaction mechanism of genetics and environment and related myopia prevention and control measures. Results: The epidemiological characteristics of myopia and poor eyesight in children and adolescents showed that the prevalence was higher in economically developed regions than in underdeveloped regions significantly higher in females than in males and significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Its pathogenesis mainly involves biomechanical mechanisms accommodation and defocus theory as well as the regulatory role of neurotransmitters and signaling pathways. The occurrence and development of myopia are jointly affected by genetic factors and various environmental factors including close-range eye use insufficient outdoor activities poor lighting conditions and bad visual habits. The current main preventive measures include advocating a reasonable diet increasing outdoor activity time maintaining healthy visual behaviors conducting vision screening and establishing visual health record. Myopia correction and control measures include wearing frame glasses contact lenses repeated low-intensity red light irradiation drug treatmentand combination therapy. Conclusion: With the changes in the social environment the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents has increased significantly and visual problems of children and adolescents have become an public health issue of social concern. It is necessary to actively promote a reasonable diet for children and adolescents help them develop healthy visual habits improve the vision screening system and jointly create a healthy visual environment through multi-party cooperation between families schools and society.


Key words: Myopia , Children and adolescents , Environmental factors , Dopamine , Prevalence

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