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Mechanism Study on Saussurea involucrata Oral Liquid Regulating Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Joint Inflammation in CIA Rats
Received date: 2025-03-18
Revised date: 2025-04-27
Accepted date: 2025-04-29
Online published: 2025-07-23
Objective： To explore the mechanism by which saussurea involucrata oral liquid （SIOL） improves collagen-induced arthritis （CIA）， focusing on its regulatory effects on macrophage polarization and the Notch1 signaling pathway， providing a new molecular target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis （RA）.Methods： Sixty specific pathogen-free （SPF） male sprague-dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， tripterygium wilfordii tablet （TGT） group， and SIOL low， medium， and high dose groups. A CIA rat model was established， and the treatment groups were administered with corresponding doses of SIOL or TGT. The degree of joint swelling in each group of rats was observed， and histopathological changes in joint tissues were revealed by H&E and Masson staining. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in each group.The expression levels of peripheral blood CD86 and CD163 markers were detected by flow cytometry.Meanwhile， Western Blot was utilized to detect the expression of iNOS， Arg-1， and Notch1 signaling pathway related proteins in the synovial tissue of rats.Results： In the model group， rats exhibited characteristic pathological changes in joint tissues including tissue damage， hyperplasia， fibrosis， and inflammatory infiltration. Significant increases were observed in ankle joint diameter， paw volume， arthritis index （AI）， serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and IL-6， as well as peripheral blood CD86+ cell proportion and synovial expression levels of iNOS and Notch1 signaling pathway-related proteins （P < 0.05）.Conversely， serum levels of IL-10 and IL-4， peripheral blood CD163+ cell proportion， and synovial Arg-1 expression were significantly reduced （P < 0.05）. Compared with the model group， SIOL treatment significantly alleviated joint swelling， decreased serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels （except in the SIOL low-dose group）， reduced peripheral blood CD86+ cell proportion and synovial iNOS and Notch1 pathway-related protein expression （P < 0.05）. Additionally， SIOL upregulated serum IL-10 and IL-4 levels， peripheral blood CD163+ cell proportion （except in the SIOL low-dose group）， and synovial Arg-1 expression （P < 0.05）.Conclusion： SIOL can effectively alleviate the joint inflammatory response in CIA rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway， which regulates macrophage polarization and suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Luo Li Li
.
Mechanism Study on Saussurea involucrata Oral
Liquid Regulating Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Joint Inflammation in
CIA Rats
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