CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL GUIDE >
Effects of High Glucose on Immune Cells and Growth Factors in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Received date: 2024-12-20
Revised date: 2025-05-08
Accepted date: 2025-05-09
Online published: 2025-07-23
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the main complications in the late stage of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by a long treatment cycle, high amputation rate and high mortality rate, and brings huge economic pressure and mental burden to patients. It is of particular importanse to explore the disease characteristics of DFU and improve the treatment efficiency of DFU. High-glucose environment is one of the important reasons for the difficult healing of DFU wounds. High-glucose has an important effect on immune cells and growth factors in foot ulcer wounds. In high-glucose environments, the immune cell function of patients with DFU decreases significantly, and the activity of key immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells, which promote wound healing, decreases, while the expression level of inhibitory immune cells is elevated, resulting in an imbalance of overall immune regulation. Which was manifested in impaired phagocytosis of neutrophils, overexpression of NET, decreased dendritic cell density, prolonged excitability of M1 cells, imbalance of T-cell ratios, and imbalance of B-cell subpopulations. Growth factors play an important role in the ulcer repair process, in which the release of pro-inflammatory growth factors, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, was significantly increased, while the expression of VEGF, TGF-β, PDGF, FGF, and KGF show a decreasing trend. The abnormal immune cell function as well as the imbalance of growth factor expression directly contributed to the difficult healing nature of DFUs. This study reviews the effects of high glucose on immune cells and growth factors in foot ulcer wounds for providing new ideas of clinical treatment of DFU.
LIU Wei, ZHANG Zhaohui
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Effects of High Glucose on Immune Cells and Growth
Factors in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
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