峙橦 陈 .

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

    ［1］ Chapman MH， Thorburn D， Hirschfield GM， et al. British society of gastroenterology and UK-PSC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Gut， 2019，68（8）：1356-1378.

         ［2］  Said K， Glaumann H， Bergquist A. Gallbladder disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.J Hepatol， 2008，48（4）：598-605.

         ［3］  Lindor KD， Kowdley KV， Harrison ME. ACG clinical guideline： primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Am J Gastroenterol， 2015，110（5）：646-659.

         ［4］  Chapman R， Fevery J， Kalloo A， et al. Diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Hepatology， 2010，51（2）：660-678.

         ［5］  De Valle MB， Björnsson E， Lindkvist B. Mortality and cancer risk related to primary sclerosing cholangitis in a Swedish population-based cohort［J］.Liver Int， 2012， 32（3）：441-448.

         ［6］  中华医学会肝病学分会.原发性硬化性胆管炎诊断及治疗指南（2021）［J］.临床肝胆病杂志，2022，38（1）：50-61.

         ［7］  Ghouri YA， Tahan V， Shen B. Secondary causes of inflammatory bowel diseases［J］.World J Gastroenterol， 2020，26（28）：3998-4017.

         ［8］  Gebreselassie A， Aduli F， Howell CD. Rheumatologic diseases and the liver［J］.Clin Liver Dis， 2019，23（2）：247-261.

         ［9］  Guglielmi V， Giorgio P， Guerra V， et al. Prognostic value of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in subjects with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Minerva Med， 2022， 113（3）：513-517.

         ［10］ Orth T， Kellner R， Diekmann O， et al. Identification and characterization of autoantibodies against catalase and alpha-enolase in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Clin Exp Immunol， 1998， 112（3）：507-515.

         ［11］ Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B， Mieli-Vergani G， Vergani D， et al. The challenges of primary biliary cholangitis： What is new and what needs to be done［J］.J Autoimmun， 2019， 105：102328.

         ［12］ Xu B， Broome U， Ericzon BG， et al. High frequency of autoantibodies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis that bind biliary epithelial cells and induce expression of CD44 and production of interleukin 6［J］.Gut， 2002，51（1）：120-127.

         ［13］ Poch T， Krause J， Casar C， et al. Single-cell atlas of hepatic T cells reveals expansion of liver-resident naive-like CD4⁺ T cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.J Hepatol， 2021，75（2）：414-423.

         ［14］ Poch T， Bahn J， Casar C， et al. Intergenic risk variant rs56258221 skews the fate of naive CD4⁺ T cells via miR4464-BACH2 interplay in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Cell Rep Med， 2024，5（7）：101620.

         ［15］ Grant AJ， Lalor PF， Salmi M， et al. Homing of mucosal lymphocytes to the liver in the pathogenesis of hepatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease［J］.Lancet， 2002， 359（9301）：150-157.

         ［16］ Tornai D， Ven PL， Lakatos PL， et al. Serological biomarkers for management of primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.World J Gastroenterol， 2022，28（21）：2291-2301.

         ［17］ Gwela A， Siddhanathi P， Chapman RW， et al. Th1 and innate lymphoid cells accumulate in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease［J］.J Crohns Colitis， 2017，11（9）：1124-1134.

         ［18］ Katt J， Schwinge D， Schoknecht T， et al. Increased T helper type 17 response to pathogen stimulation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Hepatology， 2013， 58（3）：1084-1093.

         ［19］ Liaskou E， Zimmermann HW， Li KK， et al. Monocyte subsets in human liver disease show distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics［J］.Hepatology， 2013，57（1）：385-398.

         ［20］ Tabibian JH， O’Hara SP， Lindor KD， et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and the microbiota： current knowledge and perspectives on etiopathogenesis and emerging therapies［J］.Scand J Gastroenterol， 2014， 49（8）：901-908.

         ［21］ Bo X， Broome U， Remberger M， et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha impairs function of liver derived T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Gut， 2001，49（1）：131-141.

         ［22］ Altwegg R， Combes R， Laharie D， et al. Effectiveness and safety of anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in liver transplant recipients for primary sclerosing cholangitis： a nationwide case series［J］.Dig Liver Dis， 2018，50（7）：668-674.

         ［23］ Forbes JD， Chen CY， Knox NC， et al. A comparative study of the gut microbiota in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases - Does a common dysbiosis exist？［J］ Microbiome， 2018，6（1）：221.

         ［24］ Singh S， Feuerstein JD， Binion DG. AGA technical review on the management of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis［J］.Gastroenterology， 2019，156（3）：769-808.

         ［25］ Chopyk DM， Grakoui A. Contribution of the intestinal microbiome and gut barrier to hepatic disorders［J］.Gastroenterology， 2020， 159（3）：849-863.

         ［26］ Li B， Selmi C， Tang R， et al. The microbiome and autoimmunity： a paradigm from the gut-liver axis［J］.Cell Mol Immunol， 2018，15（6）：595-609.

         ［27］ Karlsen TH. Primary sclerosing cholangitis： 50 years of a gut-liver relationship and still no love？［J］ Gut， 2016，65（10）：1579-1581.

         ［28］ Kummen M， Holm K， Anmarkrud JA， et al. The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls［J］.Gut， 2017，66（4）：611-619.

         ［29］ Sabino J， Vieira-Silva S， Machiels K， et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by intestinal dysbiosis independent from IBD［J］.Gut， 2016， 65（10）：1681-1689.

         ［30］ Quraishi MN， Sergeant M， Kay G， et al. The gut-adherent microbiota of PSC-IBD is distinct to that of IBD［J］.Gut， 2017， 66（2）：386-388.

         ［31］ Hov JR， Karlsen TH. The microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis： current evidence and potential concepts［J］.Semin Liver Dis， 2017，37（4）：314-331.

         ［32］ Torres J， Bao X， Goel A， et al. The features of mucosa‐associated microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Aliment Pharmacol Ther， 2016， 43（7）：790-801.

         ［33］ Ostadmohammadi S， Azimirad M， Houri H， et al. Characterization of the gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis compared to inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls［J］.Mol Biol Rep， 2021，48（7）：5519-5529.

         ［34］ Kummen M， Thingholm LB， Rühlemann MC， et al. Altered gut microbial metabolism of essential nutrients in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Gastroenterology， 2021，160（5）：1784-1798.

         ［35］ Song B， He J， Pan X， et al. Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis［J］.J Anim Sci Biotechnol， 2023，14（1）：113.

         ［36］ Liu JZ， van Sommeren S， Huang H， et al. Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations［J］.Nat Genet， 2015，47（9）：979-986.

         ［37］ Lapidot Y， Amir A， Ben-Simon S， et al. Alterations of the salivary and fecal microbiome in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Hepatol Int， 2021，15（1）：191-201.

         ［38］ Lichtman SN， Sartor RB， Keku J， et al. Hepatic inflammation in rats with experimental small intestinal bacterial overgrowth［J］.Gastroenterology， 1990，98（2）：414-423.

         ［39］ Vierling JM. Animal models for primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol， 2001，15（4）：591-610.

         ［40］ Navaneethan U， Jayanthi V， Mohan P. Pathogenesis of cholangitis in obstructive jaundice-revisited［J］.Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol， 2011，57（1）：97-104.

         ［41］ Nakamoto N， Sasaki N， Aoki R， et al. Gut pathobionts underlie intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver T helper 17 cell immune response in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Nat Microbiol， 2019，4（3）：492-503.

         ［42］ Stellaard F， Lütjohann D. Dynamics of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in healthy humans［J］.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol， 2021， 321（1）：G55-G66.

         ［43］ Lorenzo-Zúñiga V， Bartolí R， Planas R， et al. Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth， bacterial translocation， and endotoxemia in cirrhotic rats［J］.Hepatology， 2003，37（3）：551-557.

         ［44］ Verdier J， Luedde T， Sellge G. Biliary mucosal barrier and microbiome［J］.Viszeralmedizin， 2015，31（3）：156-161.

         ［45］ Miyake Y， Yamamoto K. Role of gut microbiota in liver diseases［J］.Hepatol Res， 2013， 43（2）：139-146.

         ［46］ Folseraas T， Melum E， Rausch P， et al. Extended analysis of a genome-wide association study in primary sclerosing cholangitis detects multiple novel risk loci［J］.J Hepatol， 2012 ，57（2）：366-375.

         ［47］ Rausch P， Rehman A， Künzel S， et al.Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota is influenced by an interaction of Crohn disease and FUT2 （Secretor） genotype［J］.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A， 2011，108（47）：19030-19035.

         ［48］ Zhou R， Llorente C， Cao J， et al. Intestinal α1-2-fucosylation contributes to obesity and steatohepatitis in mice［J］.Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2021，12（1）：293-320.

         ［49］ Melum E， Franke A， Schramm C， et al. Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies two non-HLA susceptibility loci［J］.Nat Genet， 2011，43（1）：17-19.

         ［50］ Pickard JM， Maurice CF， Kinnebrew MA， et al. Rapid fucosylation of intestinal epithelium sustains host-commensal symbiosis in sickness［J］.Nature， 2014，514（7524）：638-641.

         ［51］ Liwinski T， Zenouzi R， John C， et al. Alterations of the bile microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Gut， 2020，69（4）：665-672.

         ［52］ Wahlström A， Sayin SI， Marschall HU， et al. Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism［J］.Cell Metab， 2016，24（1）：41-50.

         ［53］ Fickert P， Zollner G， Fuchsbichler A， et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid aggravates bile infarcts in bile duct-ligated and Mdr2 knockout mice via disruption of cholangioles［J］.Gastroenterology， 2002，123（4）：1238-1251.

         ［54］ Fickert P， Fuchsbichler A， Wagner M， et al. Regurgitation of bile acids from leaky bile ducts causes sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 （Abcb4） knockout mice［J］.Gastroenterology， 2004，  127（1）：261-274.

         ［55］ Clayton DG. Prediction and interaction in complex disease genetics： experience in type 1 diabetes［J］.PLoS Genet， 2009，5（7）：e1000540.

         ［56］ Chen L， Zhao Y， Li M， et al. Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization highlights AIF1 and HLA-DQA2 as targets for primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Hepatol Int， 2024，18（2）：517-528.

         ［57］ Traherne JA. Human MHC architecture and evolution： implications for disease association studies［J］.Int J Immunogenet， 2008，35（3）：179-192.

         ［58］ Bergquist A， Lindberg G， Saarinen S， et al. Increased prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis among first-degree relatives［J］.J Hepatol， 2005，42（2）：252-256.

         ［59］ Bergquist A， Montgomery SM， Bahmanyar S， et al. Increased risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis in first-degree relatives of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis［J］.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2008，6（8）：939-943.

         ［60］ Mells GF， Kaser A， Karlsen TH. Novel insights into autoimmune liver diseases provided by genome-wide association studies［J］.J Autoimmun， 2013，46：41-54.

         ［61］ Ji SG， Juran BD， Mucha S， et al. Genome-wide association study of primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies new risk loci and quantifies the genetic relationship with inflammatory bowel disease［J］.Nat Genet， 2017，49（2）：269-273.