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Research on the Extraction of Ganoderma Triterpenes Using 1，2-Propanediol/Betaine Binary Deep Eutectic Solvent
Received date: 2025-07-04
Revised date: 2025-10-26
Accepted date: 2025-12-24
Online published: 2026-01-26
Objective： In this study， the method for 1，2-propanediol/betaine binary deep eutectic solvent （DES） ultrasound-assisted extraction of ganoderma triterpenes was established.Methods： Triterpene content was detected by spectrophotometric method. The triterpene structures were characterized by ultraviolet absorption spectrum （UV）， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy （UPLC/MS）. The Schrodinger Discovery Suit software was used to evaluate the intermolecular interaction and stability of the DES by binding free energy δE， and to theoretically verify the optimal extraction process of ganoderma triterpenes. Use the Giemsa staining method to detect the mouses peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis function， and the promoting effect of ganoderma triterpenes on the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages was investigaed. Results： The total triterpenes reached 50.77% at 30% water content， extraction temperature of 50 ℃， extraction time of 30 min， and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8 （g·mL-1）. A total of five triterpenoid compounds were identified， including Ganoderenic acid A， Ganoderic acid B、D、H and 12-acetoxy- Ganoderic acid F. Hydrogen bonds formed between 1，2-propanediol molecule and betaine molecule， which improved the solution stability. The calculated total binding free energy δE was 43.175 kcal·mol-1. 1，2-propanediol and betaine at a ratio of 1∶2， the five triterpenes showed better thermodynamic stability within the tempearture rang of 40 to 65 ℃， and 50 ℃ was the optimal extraction temperature. The calculation result was consistent with the optimal extraction process determined in this study. After oral administration of ganoderma triterpenes extract to mice， the phagocytic rate （%） of peritoneal macrophages in mice was 67.35 ± 4.2 and the phagocytic index was 1.23 ± 0.44， which was respectively higher than that of the normal control group （33.16 ± 2.1 and 0.57±0.18）. Ganoderma triterpenes promote the phagocytic function of macrophages.Conclusion： The 1，2-propanediol/betaine DES extraction method established in this study can efficiently extract ganoderma triterpenes. The process is feasible， and the extract can significantly enhance the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages. This not only confirms the feasibility of DES in the efficient extraction of natural products， but also provides experimental evidence for the development of ganoderma triterpenes as immunomodulators.
HU Juan, PANG Wensheng
.
Research on the Extraction of Ganoderma
Triterpenes Using 1，2-Propanediol/Betaine
Binary Deep Eutectic Solvent
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