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Exploring the Hypoglycemic and Lipid-Lowering Mechanism of Buxu Xiaoke Mixture Combined with Loquat Leaf in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Animal Experiments
Received date: 2025-09-29
Revised date: 2026-01-28
Accepted date: 2026-04-20
Online published: 2026-05-26
Objective： To investigate the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering mechanism of Buxu Xiaoke mixture combined with loquat leaf for treating type 2 diabetes （T2DM） through an integrated approach of network pharmacology， molecular docking， and animal experiments.Methods： Active components of Buxu Xiaoke mixture and loquat leaf and their effect targets were screened via databases such as TCMSP and Swiss TargetPrediction， while T2DM-related disease targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. The "component-target-disease" interaction network was then constructed. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of intersecting targets was built using STRING to predict core targets， and GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed with the DAVID database. Molecular docking between key active components and T2DM core targets was conducted via AutoDock， followed by visualization analysis using PyMOL 2.5. For the animal experiment， a T2DM rat model was induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet feeding combined with intragastric administration of fat emulsion and STZ. Rats were divided into the model group， positive drug group， Buxu Xiaoke mixture group， loquat leaf group， 1/4-dose Buxu Xiaoke mixture + loquat leaf group， 1/2-dose Buxu Xiaoke mixture + loquat leaf group， and full-dose Buxu Xiaoke mixture + loquat leaf group. Continuous drug administration was carried out for 12 weeks. Metabolic indicators including fasting blood glucose （FBG）， body weight， food intake， and water intake were monitored weekly to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the drugs on T2DM. Serum levels of FINS were detected to assess islet function. Serum levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and HDL-C were measured to evaluate lipid-lowering effect. Serum levels of MDA， SOD， TNF-α， and IL-1β were tested to assess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally， liver and pancreatic tissues were collected for HE staining to observe pathological changes.Results： The results of network pharmacology study showed that the key active components in Buxu Xiaoke mixture and loquat leaf were Jaranol， kaempferol， quercetin， isorhamnetin， and isolicoflavonol ， with AKT1， IL6， and TNF as the core targets. Molecular docking demonstrated good binding affinity between the key components and core targets. Pharmacodynamic results indicated that the combination of Buxu Xiaoke mixture and loquat leaf could effectively reduce blood glucose and lipid levels in T2DM rats， and exert good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Compared with the model group， all drug-administered groups showed statistically significant differences （P<0.05）， and all could alleviate the pathological damage of the liver and pancreas to a certain extent.Conclusion： When Buxu Xiaoke mixture is used in combination with loquat leaf， its active components such as Jaranol， kaempferol， and quercetin can act precisely on core targets including AKT1， IL6， and TNF. It may enhance lipid-lowering effects by regulating lipid metabolism pathways， while simultaneously regulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. On the basis of repairing islet function and liver damage， it achieves effective treatment of T2DM.
子怡 刘
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Exploring the Hypoglycemic and Lipid-Lowering
Mechanism of Buxu Xiaoke Mixture Combined with Loquat Leaf in Type 2 Diabetes
Based on Network Pharmacology and Animal Experiments
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