Exploring the Theory of "the Spleen as the Defender" in Diagnosing and Treating T Cell Exhaustion in Lung Cancer

  • 黄 思敏 ,
  • ,
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  • 1.School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Anhui Hefei 230012, China
    2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Anhui Hefei 230031, China
    3.Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Respiratory Disease Prevention and Treatment
    Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine Anhui Hefei 230031, China
    4.Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Application and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and
    Treatment of Major Pulmonary Diseases Anhui Hefei 230031, China
    5.Key Laboratory of Xinan Medicine Ministry of Education Anhui Hefei 230031, China

Received date: 2025-12-16

  Revised date: 2026-03-13

  Accepted date: 2026-04-20

  Online published: 2026-06-29

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally posing a significant threat to human health. By analyzing the traditional Chinese medicine etiological and pathogenesis pattern of lung cancer characterized by a sequence of Vital Qi Deficiency and Pathogen Stagnation → Lung Qi Disharmony → Intersection of Blood Stasis and Phlegm → Eventually Leading to Tumour Formation”, and the stages of T-cell immune exhaustion which include T cell exhaustion progenitors 1 Texprog1→ T cell exhaustion progenitors 2 Texprog2 → T cell exhaustion intermediate Texint → T cell exhaustion terminally Texterm”, this study explores the integration of the theory of the Spleen as the Defender”, which involves disease prevention through cause control defense against pathogens and supporting the body to expel evil influences with the stages of T cell exhaustion in the immune editing of lung cancer. It delves into the functional relationships between T cell exhaustion and the defensive Qi the nutrient- defensive Qi and the original Qi of the spleen and kidney during the phases of immune clearance immune equilibrium and immune escape. Additionally it discusses the pathological progression of Spleens Loss of Guardian Function”, which includes stages from Spleen Injury and Defensive Qi Stagnation to Spleen Damage and Nutrient-Defensive Qi Impairment”, and finally to Spleen Decline and Yang Deficiency. Considering that the formation of masses and abdominal distension in the body is attributed to the influence of the Taiyin Damp Earth Qi and that the spleen and the lung both belong to the Taiyin Meridian with a maternal-fetal interdependent relationship it is inferred that the development of lung cancer is governed by the concept of the Spleen as the Defender and is intricately linked to the process of T cell exhaustion. Based on the theory of the Spleen as the Defender”, and in conjunction with the clinical syndrome characteristics of the initial middle and terminal stages of lung cancer the fundamental approach is to nourish the spleens essence. This involves using various methods such as ventilating the lungs to resolve depression nourishing Yin to detoxify and warming Yang to strengthen the spleen-earth in order to achieve the effects of resolving phlegm and dampness regulating nutrient-defense Qi and restoring vital Qi. The goal is to balance the flow of Qi harmonize the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood and support the body to suppress cancer thereby enhancing the immune activity of T cells at various stages of lung cancer correcting the imbalance of the immune microenvironment in lung cancer and blocking the process of T-cell exhaustion. It can provide important theoretical and therapeutic ideas for traditional Chinese medicine to improve the comprehensive treatment efficacy of lung cancer patients in clinical practice.


Cite this article

黄 思敏 , , .

Exploring the Theory of "the Spleen as the Defender" in Diagnosing and Treating T Cell Exhaustion in Lung Cancer

[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL GUIDE, 2026 , 28(5) : 611 -611-616 . DOI: 10.1009-0959.2026.050032

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