Abstract: 【ABSTRACT】Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of radiofrequency ablation rhythm control in the treatment of heart failure (HF) complicated with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods:70 patients with heart failure complicated with atrial fibrillation were divided into 2 groups by random double blind method with 35 cases in each group. The control group to were treated by drug ventricular rate control and anticoagulant therapy while the observation group were treated by radiofrequency ablation rhythm control. The clinical effects, changes of cardiac function before and after the treatment and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were compared between the 2 groups. Results:The total effective rate in the observation group (91.4%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (71.4%),P＜0.05.After the treatment, the differences in LVEF[(51.4±13.4) VS (44.2±15.8)]% and LAD[(38.7±7.9)VS(57.0±10.2)]mm between the two group were significant (P＜0.05). In 6 months of follow-up, the incidence rates of cerebral infarction and the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation in the observation group (0.0%, 8.6%) were significantly lower than those in the control group (17.1%,37.1%),P＜0.05.Conclusion:The effect of radiofrequency ablation rhythm control in the treatment of heart failure complicated with atrial fibrillation is significantly better than that of ventricular rate control. It can improve the cardiac function and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.