Abstract: Objective：To investigate and analysis the epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the adult population in Changsha urban area.Methods： We assisted the community health service center to carry out the free physical examination to obtain epidemiological data. Using a multistage sampling，3900 residents(older than 18) from May to July in 2016 were selected to be interviewed and tested for the kidney damage indicators and the associated risk factors with CKD. Results： In this survy， it showed that the prevalence of albuminuria was 1.34%，the male was higher than the female；the prevalence of hematuria was 6.18%，the female was higher than the male； the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 5.79%，the female was higher than the male； the prevalence of CKD was 11.76%， the female was higher than the male.And the prevalence of CKD increased with the increase of age； age， female， low level of education， hyperlipidemia， diabetes were independently correlated with high risk factors for CKD.Conclusion： It showed that the awareness rate of chronic kidney disease in Changsha urban area was 28.73%. We need much healthier check-up related to chronic kidney disease to improve the awareness of illness in residents， which is helpful to early diagnosis and early treatment of chronic kidney disease.