Abstract: Objective：To investigate the clinical curative effect of multiple root canal therapy and one-time root canal therapy on dental pulp disease. Methods： From January 2015 to January 2017 of 110 detal patients admitted to our hospital， according to root canal treatment condition， patients were divided into multiple group (n=55) and one-time group(n=55)， take multiple root canal treatment and take one-time root canal treatment respectively， statistical analysis of the therapeutic effect and complications of the two groups was conducted.Results： One-time group of patients with total efficiency of 98.2% was significantly higher compared with the multiple group of 87.3%； One-time group patients′ postoperative VAS score(2.8±1.3) was significantly lower than multiple group(4.8±1.1). One-time group patients with postoperative analgesic drug use 0% was significantly lower compared to that in multiple group. One-time group patients with postoperative complication rate 1.8% was significantly lower than that 16.4% in multiple group； hospitalization time One-time group (4.2±1.1) d was significantly lower than multiple group（12.3±1.8）d， the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion： Dental pulp disease one-time root canal treatment clinical effect is better than multiple root canal treatment.