Abstract: Objective： To explore the value of combined detection of five indicators [cystatin C(Cys C) and inflammatory factor：C-reactive protein (CRP)， interleukin-1β (IL-1β)，interleukin-10 (IL-10)，transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)] in the early diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension nephropathy.Methods： Selected 60 cases of hypertensive nephropathy patients as the hypertensive nephropathy group，and 50 healthy people as the control group.Detected the levels of Cys C， CRP， IL-1β， TGF-β1 and IL-10 in the serum of the two groups. Hypertensive nephropathy group was divided into Cys C≥1.2 mg·L-1 grpup and Cys C<1.2 mg·L-1 group according the Cys C level. Then the groups were detected the levels of CRP， IL-1β，TGF-β1 and IL-10.The results were analyzed by SPSS 19.0， and Spearman was used for single factor correlation analysis.Results： Compared with the control group， the levels of Cys C，CRP and IL-1β in the hypertensive nephropathy group were higher， while the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were lower (P<0.05). The levels of CRP and IL-1β in Cys C≥1.2 mg·L-1 group were significantly higher than Cys C<1.2 mg·L-1 group， and the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were significantly lower than Cys C<1.2 mg·L-1 group(P<0.05).Spearman analysis showed that Cys C was positively correlated with CRP and IL-1β (P<0.05)， and negatively correlated with TGF-β1 and IL-10 (P<0.05).Conclusion： Cys C can not only respond to changes in renal function of hypertension nephropathy patients，but also can reflect the body′s inflammatory response state， it is important to determine the severity of hypertensive nephropathy.Cys C combined with inflammatory factor can make a greater extentdetermine the damage of renal function，and it can play a role in clinical early diagnosis， early treatment and early rehabilitation.