Abstract: Objective： To observe the blood glucose correlation index of elderly diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients treated with saxagliptin and their levels of serum related factors such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)， interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). The efficacy and safety of the drug were evaluated. Methods： Seventy patients with senile DN who were treated in our hospital from May 2016 to April 2018 were selected as subjects.All patients were randomly divided into the control group（n=35）and the experimental group（n=35） by random number table method. The control group received conventional treatment. Patients in the experimental group were given saxagliptin on the basis of conventional treatment. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG)， two hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG)， glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)， 24 h protein(24hUPro)， serum creatinine(Cr)， urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR)， TNF-α， IL-6，IL-1β levels of the two groups before and after treatment were detected.Results：The levels of FPG， 2hPG， 24hUpro， Cr， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β in the control group were improved in varying degrees. The difference of levels of FPG， 2hPG， 24hUpro， Cr， HbA1c and UACR in patients in the experimental group befor-treatment and post-treatment were statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group，the difference of FPG， 2hPG， 24hUpro， Cr， HbA1c， UACR， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β after treatment in the experimental group were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion： During the treatment of DN patients， saxagliptin had some improvement to patient′s FPG， 2hPG， 24hUpro， Cr， HbA1c， UACR levels， and reduced the patient′s TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β levels. It has less the adverse reactions， and better effect in the treatment of DN patients.