Abstract: Cordyceps sinensis is a valuable traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years， the variety and quantity of non authentic and counterfeit processed products on the market are increasing. The present situation of counterfeit Chinese medicine has brought many troubles to the market. On the basis of observing and studying a large number of samples， it is found that the microscopic characteristics of cordyceps sinensis and its non-genuine sordyceps sinensis are regular. This provides a theoretical basis for the supervision of the market of Chinese medicinal materials in the future.