Abstract: Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b erosol inhalation in the treatment of children hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD). Methods： According to the different treatment plan， 320 common HFMD cases in our hospital from January to December 2018 were randomly divided into the experimental group(168 cases) and the control group(152 cases). The control group was given routine treatment. While the experimental group on the basis of routine treatment received erosol inhalation of recombinant human interferon α-2b， each time 200 000 IU·Kg-1， twice a day for 3 days. After treatment， the fever time， herpes regression time， total hospitalization time and severe cases， complications， adverse reactions in two groups were compared. Results： After treatment， the fever time， herpes regression time， total hospitalization time and the rate of severe cases， complications in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group， and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). No serious adverse reaction occured during the treatment period. Conclusion： Recombinant human interferon α-2b erosol inhalation has exact curative effect and safety in the treatment of children HFMD， can improve clinical symptom， shorten disease duration， and reduce the occurrence of severe cases and complications， which worth widespread application in clinics.