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中国医药导刊 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12): 1290-1293.

• 管理实践 • 上一篇    下一篇

呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素及病原学分析

韩贵秋   

  1. 天津医科大学总医院滨海医院重症医学科, 天津 300480
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-15 修回日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2023-12-28 发布日期:2024-02-18

Risk Factors and Pathogenic Analysis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Binhai Hospital, Tianjin 300480, China
  • Received:2023-02-15 Revised:2023-12-15 Online:2023-12-28 Published:2024-02-18

摘要: 目的:探讨分析呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因素、病原菌分布结果,旨在为VAP的防治提供理论依据。方法:回顾性分析我院2018年1月至2021年7月接受机械通气治疗≥48 h的175例患者临床资料,记录175例患者VAP的发生率,分析VAP患者的危险因素及病原菌分布情况。结果:175例患者中,发生VAP的患者有49例,发生率为28.00%。年龄、感染、侵入性操作、抗生素应用、意识状态、住院时间均是导致VAP的独立危险因素(P<0.05);病原菌结果显示,在革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌16例,占比为32.65%,铜绿假单细胞11例,占比为23.40%,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌10例,占比为21.28%,鲍曼不动杆菌6例,占比为12.77%;革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌4例,占比为8.51%,产气葡糖球菌2例,占比为4.26%。结论:造成VAP的危险因素较多,主要涉及年龄、感染、侵入性操作、抗生素应用、意识状态、住院时间,此类患者的病原菌主要以革兰阴性菌为主,为改善患者预后,临床应加强预防工作。

关键词: VAP, 危险因素, 病原学, 革兰阴性杆菌

Abstract: Objective: Risk factors and pathogenic bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) were analyzed,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of VAP. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five VAP patients who had received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of in 175 VAP patients was recorded, and the risk factors and pathogenics of VAP were analyzed. Results: Among the 175 patients, 49 were VAP patients, with an incidence rate of 28.00%. Pathogen detection results showed that among gram-negative bacteria, 16 cases were Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 32.65%, 11 cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for 23.40%, 10 cases were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, accounting for 21.28%, 6 cases were Acinetobacter baumannii, accounting for 12.77%. Among the gram-positive bacteria, 4 cases were Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 8.51%, and 2 cases were Staphylococcus aerogenes, accounting for 4.26%. Conclusion: There are many risk factors for VAP, mainly involving age, infection, invasive procedures, antibiotic application, consciousness status, and length of hospital stay. This pathogens of these patient were mainly gram-negative bacteria, in order to improve patient prognosis, clinical prevention work should be strengthened.
  

Key words: Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Risk factors, Pathogen, Gram-negative bacilli

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