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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 34-40.

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

体温调节机制研究进展

赵亚杰, 梁汉生*   

  1. 北京大学人民医院,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26 修回日期:2025-02-06 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2025-01-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB531903);北京市通州区卫生发展专项(KJ2024CX056)

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Thermoregulation

  1. Peking University People's Hospital Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-02-06 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2025-01-28

摘要:

维持体温稳态是恒温动物的重要生理调节功能。体温调节是包括人类在内的所有恒温动物维持生命稳定和正常新陈代谢的基础功能。体温调节机制包括温度感受器、传入通路、中枢神经控制系统、传出通路、效应器。温度感受器感知外周环境、内脏和中枢神经系统的温度信息,将温度信息传入到体温调节中枢,该中枢神经系统主要位于下丘脑,对外界环境温度变化的前馈调节信息和中枢温度引起的反馈调节信息进行整合分析。同时,体温调节中枢也接受致热性调节介质,激活或抑制相关神经元的活动,下行控制外周效应器,包括皮肤血管、棕色脂肪、骨骼肌、汗腺和内分泌腺等,引发机体产热或散热,从而维持体温相对稳定。另外,外界温度变化也引发身体姿势、活动水平的变化和增减衣物、进行冷或热寻求等行为性体温调节。本研究对近年来关于自主性和行为性体温调节神经通路、神经递质以及相关内源性致热原导致发热的研究进展进行综述,以期为临床医师在患者管理,特别是围术期低体温、发热管理方面提供参考。


关键词: 体温调节, 低体温, 发热, 机制, 研究进展

Abstract:

Maintenance of a homeostatic body core temperature is an important physiological regulation function of thermostatic animals. Thermoregulation is the basic function of all thermostatic animals including humans to maintain life stability and normal metabolism. The mechanisms of thermoregulation include thermoreceptor afferent pathways the central neural network efferent pathways and thermoeffectors. Thermoreceptors sense the temperature information of the peripheral environment internal organs and central nervous system and transmits the temperature information to the thermoregulatory center which is located in the hypothalamus and integrates and analyzes the feedforward signal caused by the environmental challenges and the feedback signal caused by the core temperature. At the same time it also receives pyrogen activates or inhibits the activities of related neurons and downward controls thermoeffectors including cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction brown adipose tissue skeletal muscle sweat glands and endocrine glands to trigger the body to produce heat or dissipate heat so as to maintain a relatively stable body core temperature. In addition the temperature changes also lead to changes in body posture activity level and behavioral thermoregulation such as increasing or decreasing clothing cooling or driving heat. This review summarizes the rencent research progress on autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory neural pathways neurotransmitters and related endogenous pyrogens causing fever in order to provide a reference for clinicians in patient management especially in the management of perioperative hypothermia and fever.

Key words:  , Thermoregulation; Hypothermia; Fever; Mechanism; Research progress

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