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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 1121-1121-1126.doi: 10.1009-0959.2025.120014

• 监管科学 •    下一篇

药品监管人工智能伦理治理初探

陈锋, 由玉伟   

  1. 国家药品监督管理局信息中心,北京 100076
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 修回日期:2025-12-22 接受日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-12-24

Exploring Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Regulation

CHEN Feng, YOU Yuwei   

  1. Center for Information of NMPA Beijing 100076, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Revised:2025-12-22 Accepted:2025-12-24 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-12-24

摘要:

近年来,以生成式人工智能为代表的新技术迅猛发展,深刻重塑着各行各业的基本范式。在药品监管这一关乎公众生命健康的特殊领域,人工智能技术的引入在提升审评审批、日常监管、服务公众与辅助决策效能的同时,也因其技术的复杂性与不确定性带来了独特的伦理挑战。本研究系统梳理了人工智能在药品监管中的典型应用场景,并深入剖析了其可能引发的内生风险(如算法偏见与内容幻觉)、应用风险(如模型安全漏洞与数据隐私泄露)以及衍生风险(如责任主体模糊与监管公信力受损)。通过借鉴世界卫生组织、联合国教科文组织、欧盟等主要国际组织与其他监管机构的治理经验,结合我国实际,构建了覆盖“理念-规范-治理-能力”4个层次的综合性人工智能伦理治理体系。该体系主张在理念层确立以人民健康为中心、发展与安全并重的价值导向;在规范层推动科技伦理与医学伦理要求的协同融合,并制定专门的技术标准;在治理层建立基于风险的全生命周期监管机制,确保可追溯性与问责制;在能力层着力打造复合型人才队伍与技术支持平台。通过该伦理体系的建立与完善,为推动人工智能在我国药品监管领域实现稳健、负责任的应用提供理论支撑与实践框架,从而切实保障公众用药安全与健康权益。


关键词:  , 药品监管;人工智能伦理;伦理治理;风险分级;全生命周期监管

Abstract:

 In recent years the rapid development of new technologies particularly generative artificial intelligence has profoundly reshaped the foundational paradigms across various industries. In the specific field of drug regulation which is critical to public health and safety the introduction of AI technologies enhances the efficiency of review and approval routine oversight public service and decision-making support. However it also introduces unique ethical challenges due to its inherent complexity and unpredictability. This paper systematically outlines typical application scenarios of AI in drug regulation and provides an in-depth analysis of potential risks including inherent risks such as algorithmic bias and hallucinations), application risks such as model security vulnerabilities and data privacy breaches), and derivative risks such as blurred accountability and undermined regulatory credibility. By drawing on governance experiences of the World Health Organization UNESCO the European Union and other regulatory agencies and integrating with China's actual situation this study constructs a comprehensive ethical governance framework spanning four levels "concept-norm-governance-capability". This framework advocates for establishing a people-centered development-safety-balanced value orientation at the conceptual level promoting the integration of scientific and medical ethics requirements while developing specific technical standards at the normative level implementing a risk-based full-lifecycle regulatory mechanism to ensure traceability and accountability at the governance level and fostering a multidisciplinary talent pool and technical support platforms at the capability level. Through the establishment and refinement of this governance framework it aims to provide theoretical support and a practical framework for promoting the robust and responsible application of AI in the field of drug regulation in China thereby safeguarding public medication safety and health rights.

  

Key words: Drug regulation, AI ethics, Ethical governance, Risk classification, Full-lifecycle supervision

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