Abstract: 【ABSTRACT】Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Methods: The clinical data of 72 patients with VAIN were retrospectively analyzed, 72 cases of VAIN I, 20 cases of VAIN. Results: Patients ranged in age from 18 to 61 years old, most without clinical symptoms, the performance of a small number of vaginal secretion grow in quantity, 96% of patients in the vaginal fornix or 1/3, the remaining 4% in the third of the vagina, 30% of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II ~ III. 52 cases of VAIN I have 18 cases of patients with CIN II to III of the patients underwent LEEP, I was to observe; 20 cases of patients with VAIN II ~ III patients with lesions, 6 cases of patients with CIN. 20 cases of VAIN II to III patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) negative, 19 cases of high-risk HPV positive, 3 months to 1 years after the turn to negative. Conclusion: VAIN often in the second step of the cervical screening test for the occasional discovery, often combined with CIN, the lesion of electric burn can play an effective therapeutic effect, the wound is small, the cure rate is high.