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中国医药导刊 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (11): 1104-1110.

• 智慧监管 • 上一篇    下一篇

重组腺相关病毒基因治疗产品的国内外研发和监管现状与主要工艺路线探析

张平1, 蔡子洋2, 颜若曦1*   

  1. 1.国家药品监督管理局食品药品审核查验中心,北京 100076;
    2.上海药品审评核查中心,上海 201203
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04 修回日期:2024-11-21 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-11-28

Domestic and International R&D and Regulatory Status of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Gene Therapy Products and Its Main Process Route

  1. 1.Center for Food and Drug Inspection of NMPA Beijing 100076, China
    2.Shanghai Center for Drug Evaluation and Inspection Shanghai 201203, China
  • Received:2024-11-04 Revised:2024-11-21 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-11-28

摘要:

目的与方法:本研究梳理国内外重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)基因治疗产品上市批准及临床试验情况,概括中国、美国、欧盟、世界卫生组织(WHO)和药品检查合作计划(PIC/S)等对基因治疗产品的监管框架和相关法规,并分析该类产品主流生产工艺流程、应用优势及存在挑战等,以期为该类产品的研发、监管和检查提供参考。结果与结论:近几年国内该类产品临床试验数量快速增长,但较国外总体数量仍有明显差距,且适应证分布相对集中,该类产品主要生产工艺包括HEK293细胞三质粒瞬时转染法和采用杆状病毒感染昆虫细胞等,建议研究者致力于开展新靶点和新疾病领域研究,合理布局该类产品研发和工艺筛选,同时持续关注该类产品技术路线的迭代及发展;国内外各监管机构和组织对此类产品的监管要求不完全统一,均基于自身监管框架明确了对应基因治疗产品的审评审批和检查等职能部门,并出台了相应适用的法规、技术指导原则和GMP指南等,我国与欧盟和PIC/S等比较,仍缺少聚焦此类产品生产工艺和质量控制特殊性的GMP指南性文件,建议随着行业的发展、技术的进步和对此类产品认知的积累适时完善;加强国际监管机构和组织的合作和沟通,促进先进治疗产品在监管方面的信息共享和国际趋同。


关键词: 基因治疗, 重组腺相关病毒, 监管, 生产工艺

Abstract:

Objective and Methods: This paper aims to provide references for the research development regulation and inspection of recombinant adeno-associated virus rAAV)-based gene therapy products. A comparative analysis is conducted based on reviewing the marketing approvel and clinical trials of rAAV-basec gene therapy products and the corresponding indications are summarized in this paper. It also outlines the regulatory frameworks and relevant regulations for gene therapy products in China the United States the European Union the World Health Organization WHO), and the Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme PIC/S. Additionally the main production processes application advantages and existing challenges of this kind of product is analyzed. Results and ConclusionIn recent years the number of clinical trials for rAAV based gene therapy products has increased rapidly in China. However there remains a significant gap when compared to other countries and the distribution of indications is relatively concentrated. The main process route of this kind of products include triple plasmid co-transfection into HEK293 cells and the baculovirus expression vector system BEVS for infecting insect cells. It is recommended that researchers focus on exploring new targets and disease areas strategically plan the research and process development for this kind of products and continuously track technological advancements and iterations. Regulatory agencies worldwide follow their own frameworks for evaluating inspecting and approving gene therapy products and relevant laws regulations and guidelines have been issued accordingly. However compared to the EU and PIC/S China still lacks GMP guidelines that specifically address the particularities of the production process and quality control of this kind of products. It is suggested that as the development of industry  progress of technology and accumulation of product knowledge these guidelines should be updated. Furthermore it is recommended to promote communication and collaboration with international regulatory agencies and organizations to facilitate information sharing and foster international harmonization in the regulation of advanced therapy products.

[Key Words]  

Key words: Gene therapy , Recombinant adeno-associated Virus , rAAV); , Regulatory , Manufacturing process

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