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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 343-348.

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

葛根提取物防治糖尿病药理作用研究进展

李帅, 胡晓阳, 左军*   

  1. 黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-04-28 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江2023年青年岐黄学者培养项目;黑龙江省学科协同创新成果项目(2HY2021-WH011)

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Pueraria lobata Extract in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

  1. Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2025-01-19 Revised:2025-02-21 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2025-04-28

摘要:

 糖尿病(diabetes mellitus DM)是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病。在数千年的医学发展历程中,葛根于糖尿病(中医称之为“消渴症”)的临床治疗领域应用广泛。现代研究表明,葛根中的葛根素、染料木素等异黄酮类化合物和谷甾醇是其抗糖尿病的关键活性成分,可通过多种药理作用防治糖尿病,其主要作用机制包括:抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,延缓葡萄糖吸收;通过促进GLUT-4表达、激活PI3K/Akt/PPAR信号通路等方式降低血糖;抗氧化应激,包括促进线粒体生物合成、增强抗氧化酶活性、促进Nrf2表达;改善胰岛素抵抗,包括抑制PTP1B活性、激活PI3K/Akt信号通路调节肝糖原、减少Fetuin B分泌;抑制炎症反应,包括抑制NF-κB通路、阻断NLRP3Caspase-1信号通路的活化、改变PPARγMAPKNF-κB的表达、激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路;保护胰岛β细胞,包括抑制Cyt-CAIF释放、保护β细胞端粒长度、调节GLP-1RPDX-1表达。本研究系统梳理了葛根中的有效成分在糖尿病治疗中的作用机制。目前,葛根提取物防治糖尿病的研究多集中于异黄酮类化合物,而其他活性成分及其相互作用仍需深入探究。未来研究应进一步完善理论体系,为葛根在糖尿病防治中的应用提供科学依据。


关键词: 葛根提取物, 糖尿病, 药理作用, 研究进展

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus DM is a common chronic metabolic disease. Pueraria lobata has been widely used in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus known as "emaciation-thirst disease" in traditional Chinese medicine over thousands of years of medical development. Modern research has shown that isoflavonoids such as puerarin and genistein as well as sitosterol in Pueraria lobata are the key active ingredients in the antidiabetic activity of Pueraria lobata which can prevent and control diabetes through a variety of pharmacological effects. Its main mechanisms of action include inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and delaying glucose absorption lowering blood glucose by promoting GLUT-4 expression and activating the PI3K/Akt/PPAR signaling pathway antioxidant stress including promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting the expression of Nrf2 improving insulin resistance by inhibiting PTP1B activity activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate hepatic glycogen and reducing the secretion of Fetuin B inhibiting inflammatory responses including inhibiting the NF-κB pathway blocking the activation of NLRP3 Caspase-1 signaling pathway altering the expression of PPARγ MAPK and NF-κBand activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and protecting islet β-cells by inhibiting the release of Cyt-C and AIF protecting β-cell telomere length and regulating GLP-1R and PDX-1 expression.This study systematically sorted out the mechanism of action of the active ingredients in Pueraria lobata in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. At presentthe research on the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus with Pueraria lobata extract mainly focuses on isoflavonoids while other active ingredients and their interactions still need to be further explored. Future research should further improve the theoretical system to provide a scientific basis for the application of Pueraria lobata in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.


Key words: Pueraria lobata , extract , Diabetes mellitus , Pharmacological effects , Research progress

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