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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 747-752.

• 专栏:细胞与基因治疗 • 上一篇    

AAV基因治疗产品临床生物样本分析关注点研究

张皖晋1, 徐瑛1, 刘颖2, 赵真1*   

  1. 1.上海药品审评核查中心,上海 201203;2.浙江省食品药品检验研究院,浙江 杭州 310057
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14 修回日期:2025-07-25 接受日期:2025-10-10 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-10-10

Discussion on the Focus Points of Clinical Biological Sample Analysis for AAV-Based Gene Therapy Products

ZHANG Wanjin1, XU Ying1, LIU Ying2, ZHAO Zhen1*   

  1. 1.Shanghai Center for Drug Evaluation and Review Shanghai 201203, China
    2.Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control Zhejiang Hangzhou 310057, China
  • Received:2025-03-14 Revised:2025-07-25 Accepted:2025-10-10 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-10-10
  • About author:张皖晋,女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:药品审评核查工作及监管科学研究。

摘要:

基因治疗产品逐渐在遗传代谢性疾病(inherited metabolic disordersIMD)和恶性肿瘤治疗中展现进步。随着载体技术的不断进步,腺相关病毒载体(AAV)作为一种高效的基因治疗载体,因其免疫原性低、宿主范围广、无致病性等特点被广泛应用。随着AAV基因治疗产品临床研发的持续推进,临床生物样本分析的准确性和可靠性对产品的安全性和有效性评价至关重要。合理设计临床生物样本分析检测方法,充分开展临床生物样本分析研究,将有助于更加科学地评估AAV基因治疗产品的有效性和安全性。AAV基因治疗产品临床生物样本分析评价重点内容包括病毒载体脱落研究和免疫反应评估,前者用于评估AAV基因治疗产品的传播风险,后者关注AAV载体和转基因产物的免疫反应,用于综合评估产品的安全性和有效性。然而,针对AAV基因治疗产品的生物样本分析,目前尚缺乏系统的、明确的法规和技术指导原则,AAV基因治疗的很多科学性和技术性问题也亟待探讨。本研究基于病毒载体脱落、分布和免疫反应等内容进行探讨,分析生物样本分析检测方法开发验证过程中的关注点,包括样本采集、检测方法的选择和优化等,强调合理设计和执行临床生物样本分析检测方法的重要性,旨在推动AAV基因治疗产品的发展,为患者带来更安全有效的治疗选择。

 

关键词:  , 腺相关病毒载体;病毒载体脱落与分布;免疫反应评估

Abstract:

Gene therapy products have shown growing potential in treating inherited metabolic disorders IMDs and malignancies. With continuous advancements in vector technology adeno-associated virus AAV vectors have been widely employed as efficient gene delivery vehicles due to their low immunogenicity broad host range and non-pathogenic nature. As the clinical research of AAV-based gene therapy products continutes to advance the accuracy and reliability of clinical bioanalytical assessments of biological samples are critical for evaluating product safety and efficacy. Rational design of clinical bioanalytical methods coupled with comprehensive analysis of clinical biological samples enable a more scientific evaluation of the efficacy and safety of AAV-based gene therapy products. Key aspects of clinical bioanalysis for AAV-based gene therapy products include vector shedding studies and immunogenicity assessments. The former evaluates the risk of vector dissemination while the latter focuses on the immunoreaction of both the AAV vector and the transgene product providing an integrated safety and efficacy profile. However there remains a lack of systematic and clear regulatory and technical guidance specifically addressing bioanalysis for AAV-based gene therapy products and many scientific and technical challenges require further investigation. This study explores the critical areas of vector shedding biodistribution characteristics and immunoreaction analyzing key considerations in the development and validation of bioanalytical methods including sample collection method selection and optimization. It emphasizes the importance of rational design and execution of clinical bioanalytical assays aiming to advance the development of AAV-based gene therapies and ultimately provide safer and more effective treatment options for patients.


Key words: Adeno-associated virus vector , Virus vector shedding and distribution , Immune response assessment

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