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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 774-779.

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

中药多糖通过肠道降低胆固醇机制的研究进展

朱哲, 何红丽, 赵荣, 李希芮, 罗丹, 孙晓菲*   

  1. 云南中医药大学中药学院,云南 昆明 650500
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-13 修回日期:2025-02-27 接受日期:2025-04-19 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-10-13
  • 基金资助:

    云南省科学技术厅基础研究计划中医联合专项-面上项目(202301AZ070001-046)

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Poly Saccharides from Traditional Chinese Medicine Reducing Cholesterol via the Intestire

ZHU Zhe, HE Hongli, ZHAO Rong, LI Xirui, LUO Dan, SUN Xiaofei*   

  1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yunnan Kumming 650500, China
  • Received:2025-02-13 Revised:2025-02-27 Accepted:2025-04-19 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-10-13

摘要:

高胆固醇血症是动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、脑卒中等心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素。中药是降胆固醇或辅助降胆固醇的主要手段之一。研究表明多糖是中药发挥降胆固醇作用的一个主要活性成分,目前的发现表明其可通过影响肠道调控胆固醇的水平而发挥降低胆固醇的作用。本综述总结了中药多糖通过肠道降胆固醇的5个机制,包括通过多糖对胆固醇的包裹抑制胆固醇吸收;通过直接或间接抑制脂质消化酶的活性或与胆固醇的结合减少游离胆固醇的释放;通过与胆汁酸相互作用抑制胆汁酸-胆固醇胶束的形成;通过影响肠道胆固醇转运蛋白抑制胆固醇的吸收;通过调控肠道微生物对胆固醇的利用降低胆固醇。上述机制可为中药降脂作用的研究提供思路,并为中药多糖的进一步开发提供参考。


关键词: 中药多糖, 高胆固醇血症, 胆固醇吸收, 胆汁酸, 肠道微生物

Abstract:

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis coronary heart disease and stroke. Chinese medicine is one of the megings for lowering cholesterol. Studies have shown that polysaccharides are a major active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine to exert cholesterol-lowering effects and the cholesterol-lowering effects of polysaccharides are related to their ability to regulate cholesterol homeostasis in the intestine. This review we summarizes the five cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine via the intestinal tract including the inhibition of cholesterol absorption through polysaccharide-mediated cholesterol entrapment the reduction of free cholesterol release through direct or indirect suppression of lipid-digesting enzyme activity or cholesterol binding the reduction in cholesterol micellar solubility through the interaction with bile acids modulation of intestinal cholesterol transporter expression to hinder cholesterol uptake and modulation of gut microbiota-mediated cholesterol utilization to reduce cholesterol levels. This review aims to provide insights for the further research on lipid-lowering effects of traditional Chinese medicines and provide references for the further development of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine.


Key words: Polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine , Hypercholesterolemia , Cholesterol absorption , Bile acids , Gut microbiota

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