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中国医药导刊 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 87-87-93.doi: 10.1009-0959.2026.020005

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘草多糖分离纯化及活性研究进展

邱雯1, 王迪1, 杨培1, 翟阳2, 徐文1*   

  1. 1.山东中医药大学,山东 济南 250355;

    2.山东省肿瘤医院,山东 济南 250117

  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-11-11 接受日期:2026-02-06 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-02-11
  • 基金资助:
    山东省中医药科技项目(Q-2022114);山东省基地和人才计划(博士后)项目(SDCX-ZG-202400085)

Research Progress on the Isolation Purification and Activity of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides

QIU Wen1, WANG Di1, YANG Pei1, ZHAI Yang2, XU Wen1*   

  1. 1.Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong Jinan 250355, China
    2.Shandong Cancer Hospital Shandong Jinan 250117, China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-11-11 Accepted:2026-02-06 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2026-02-11

摘要:

甘草(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)为具有良好药用价值的传统中药,具有悠久的药用历史和丰富的生物活性。甘草多糖是甘草中主要活性成分之一,具有多种药用价值和应用价值,近几年因其多种生物活性而受到持续关注,在医药和功能食品领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本研究系统综述甘草多糖的提取方法(热水浸提、超声波辅助提取、微波提取及酶辅助提取等)、分离纯化技术(Sevag法脱蛋白、大孔树脂脱色、分级醇沉、柱色谱分离等),并对其多种生物活性(包括抗氧化、免疫调节、抗炎、抗肿瘤及调节肠道菌群等)的研究进展进行详细分析。尽管甘草多糖研究已取得显著进展,但仍面临诸多挑战。例如,结构解析尚不完善,结构与活性之间的构效关系缺乏系统研究,药理作用机制不明确,作用靶点和信号通路尚未明确等。此外,从实验研究到临床应用的成果转化仍然不足。未来应利用现代分析技术,深化甘草多糖结构表征研究;结合分子生物学、代谢组学等技术手段,深入阐释甘草多糖作用机制;同时加强临床转化研究,推动甘草多糖在新型药物和功能性食品中的高效利用,充分挖掘其应用潜力。

  

关键词: 甘草, 多糖, 分离纯化, 生物活性

Abstract:

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma commonly known as liquorice is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of use and notable therapeutic value supported by its rich array of biologically active compounds. Among these Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides GLP represent a key class of constituents that exhibit diverse medicinal properties and broad application potential. In recent years GLP has attracted sustained research interest owing to its multifaceted biological activities demonstrating promising prospects in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. This article systematically reviews the current methodologies for GLP extraction including hot water extraction ultrasonic-assisted extraction microwave extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction as well as separation and purification techniques such as the Sevag method for protein removal decolourisation with macroporous resins fractionated alcohol precipitation and column chromatography. Furthermore it provides a detailed analysis of recent advances in understanding the biological activities of GLP including antioxidant immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory antitumour and gut microbiota regulatory effects. Despite considerable progress in GLP research several challenges remain. These include incomplete structural characterization a lack of systematic studies on structure-activity relationships unclear pharmacological mechanisms and insufficient identification of target molecules and signalling pathways. Moreover the translation of experimental findings into clinical applications is still limited. Future research should focus on applying modern analytical techniques to advance structural studies of GLP integrating molecular biology and metabolomics approaches to clarify its mechanisms of action and strengthening clinical translation to facilitate the efficient utilization of GLP in novel therapeutics and functional foods thus fully realizing its potential.


Key words: Glycyrrhizae Radix et , Rhizoma , Polysaccharide , Isolation and purification , Biological activity

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