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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1312-1312-1320.doi: magtech.2025.07.04-00001

• 基础研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

12-丙二醇/甜菜碱低共熔溶剂提取灵芝三萜的研究

胡娟12, 庞文生2   

  1. 1.福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院,福建 福州 350003;
    2.福建中医药大学药学院,福建 福州 350122
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-10-26 接受日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 基金资助:
     福建省科技重大专项(2022NZ029017);福建省医疗机构中药制剂重点实验室(福建中医药大学)平台支持

Research on the Extraction of Ganoderma Triterpenes Using 12-Propanediol/Betaine Binary Deep Eutectic Solvent

HU Juan12, PANG Wensheng2   

  1. 1. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fujian Fuzhou 350003, China
    2. College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fujian Fuzhou 350122, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-10-26 Accepted:2025-12-24 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2026-01-26

摘要:

目的:建立12-丙二醇/甜菜碱二元低共熔溶剂(DES)超声辅助提取灵芝三萜的方法。方法:采用分光光度法进行三萜含量检测,紫外吸收光谱(UV)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、超高效液相色谱/质谱联用技术(UPLC/MS)对三萜结构进行了表征;采用Schrodinger Discovery Suit软件,以结合自由能δE评价DES分子间的相互作用及稳定性,并对灵芝三萜提取最佳工艺进行理论验证;采用姬姆萨染色法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,考察灵芝三萜对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的促进作用。结果:在含水量为30%、提取温度为50 ℃、提取时间为30 min、料液比为18 g·mL-1)的条件下,灵芝提取物中总三萜含量达50.77%。提取物中鉴定出5种三萜化合物,分别是灵芝烯酸A、灵芝酸B、灵芝酸D、灵芝酸H12-乙酰氧基灵芝酸F12-丙二醇分子与甜菜碱分子之间形成氢键,提高了溶液的稳定性,计算所得总结合自由能δE43.175 kcal·mol-112-丙二醇与甜菜碱按12比例,在40~65 ℃温度范围内,5种三萜化合物均显示出更优的热力学稳定性,且以50 ℃为最优提取温度,计算结果与本研究实验所确定的最佳提取工艺结果一致。给予灵芝三萜提取物灌胃后,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率(%)为67.35±4.2,吞噬指数为1.23±0.44,均高于正常对照组(33.16±2.10.57±0.18)。灵芝三萜对巨噬细胞吞噬功能具有良好的促进作用。结论:本研究建立的12-丙二醇/甜菜碱低共熔溶剂法可高效提取灵芝三萜,工艺可行,且提取物能显著增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能。这不仅证实DES在天然产物高效提取中的可行性,也为灵芝三萜作为免疫调节剂的开发提供了实验依据。

 

关键词: 低共熔溶剂;1, 2-丙二醇/甜菜碱;灵芝三萜;巨噬细胞;吞噬功能

Abstract:

Objective: In this study the method for 12-propanediol/betaine binary deep eutectic solvent DES ultrasound-assisted extraction of ganoderma triterpenes was established.Methods: Triterpene content was detected by spectrophotometric method. The triterpene structures were characterized by ultraviolet absorption spectrum UV), high performance liquid chromatography HPLC), and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy UPLC/MS. The Schrodinger Discovery Suit software was used to evaluate the intermolecular interaction and stability of the DES by binding free energy δE and to theoretically verify the optimal extraction process of ganoderma triterpenes. Use the Giemsa staining method to detect the mouses peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis function and the promoting effect of ganoderma triterpenes on the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages was investigaed. Results: The total triterpenes reached 50.77% at 30% water content extraction temperature of 50 ℃ extraction time of 30 min and solid-liquid ratio of 18 g·mL-1. A total of five triterpenoid compounds were identified including Ganoderenic acid A Ganoderic acid BDH and 12-acetoxy- Ganoderic acid F. Hydrogen bonds formed between 12-propanediol molecule and betaine molecule which improved the solution stability. The calculated total binding free energy δE was 43.175 kcal·mol-1. 12-propanediol and betaine at a ratio of 12 the five triterpenes showed better thermodynamic stability within the tempearture rang of 40 to 65 ℃ and 50 ℃ was the optimal extraction temperature. The calculation result was consistent with the optimal extraction process determined in this study. After oral administration of ganoderma triterpenes extract to mice the phagocytic rate % of peritoneal macrophages in mice was 67.35 ± 4.2 and the phagocytic index was 1.23 ± 0.44 which was respectively higher than that of the normal control group 33.16 ± 2.1 and 0.57±0.18. Ganoderma triterpenes promote the phagocytic function of macrophages.Conclusion: The 12-propanediol/betaine DES extraction method established in this study can efficiently extract ganoderma triterpenes. The process is feasible and the extract can significantly enhance the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages. This not only confirms the feasibility of DES in the efficient extraction of natural products but also provides experimental evidence for the development of ganoderma triterpenes as immunomodulators.

 

Key words: Deep eutectic solvent DES); 1, 2-Propanediol/Betaine Ganoderma triterpenes Macrophages Phagocytic function

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