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中国医药导刊 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 94-94-98.doi: magtech.2025.03.03-00003

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎退行性病变多机制作用研究进展

翟绅1, 石淇允2, 胡闯北2, 樊金辉2, 王甜2, 宋永伟2*   

  1. 1.河南中医药大学骨伤学院,河南 郑州 450046;
    2.河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院),河南 洛阳 471000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-07-19 接受日期:2025-11-15 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2026-02-11
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82474554);河南省医学科学院“三个100”计划河南省医学科技人才海外研修项目(H20240144);河南省中医科学研究专项重点课题(2025ZY1024);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(26A360009);洛阳市科技计划项目(2401104B)

Research Progress on the Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Lumbar Degenerative Disease

ZHAI Shen1, SHI Qiyun2, HU Chuangbei2, FAN Jinhui2, WANG Tian2, SONG Yongwei2*   

  1. 1.College of Orthopedics Henan University of Chinese Medicine Henan Zhengzhou 450046, China 

    2.Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province Henan Provincal Orthopedic Hospital), Henan Luoyang 471000, China

  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-07-19 Accepted:2025-11-15 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2026-02-11

摘要:

随着人口老龄化加剧及生活方式改变,腰椎退行性病变(lumbar degenerative disease LDD)发病率显著攀升,已成为全球公共卫生领域的重要挑战之一。本研究针对当前有关LDD研究相对薄弱的现状,系统梳理国内外近5年权威研究成果,从分子生物学、生物力学及临床医学多学科交叉视角,重点解析五大核心发病机制:年龄学说,重点探讨年龄对LDD的整体影响;基因相关学说,深入分析SOX9基因与椎体及椎间盘分化的密切联系;自身免疫与炎症学说,阐释白介素(IL)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)等炎性因子介导的脊柱免疫微环境失衡;内分泌及代谢学说,聚焦雌二醇(E2)、生长分化因子5GDF-5)等激素及2型糖尿病(T2DM)等代谢类疾病对脊柱退变微环境的调控;生物力学及损伤学说,以高危人群为例,系统阐述生物力学及外伤因素对LDD发病影响。本研究系统总结LDD发病机制,以期为推动精准诊疗策略的发展、LDD的临床诊断和治疗提供思路和参考。


关键词: 腰椎退行性病变, 腰痛, 发病机制

Abstract:

With the intensification of population aging and lifestyle changes the incidence of lumbar degenerative disease LDD has surged significantly and has become one of the important challenges in the field of global public health. In view of the relatively limited current research on LDD this study systematically reviews authoritative findings from the past five years worldwide. From a multidisciplinary perspective integrating molecular biology biomechanics and clinical medicine it critically analyze five core pathogenic mechanisms ① The Aging Hypothesis focusing on the overall impact of aging on LDD progression ② Genetic Susceptibility elucidating the critical role of the SOX9 gene in vertebral body and intervertebral disc differentiation ③ Autoimmunity and Inflammation delineating immune microenvironment dysregulation in the spine mediated by inflammatory factors e.g. IL TNF); ④ Endocrine and Metabolic Dysfunction examining modulatory effects of hormones e.g. E2 GDF-5 and metabolic disorders e.g. T2DM on spinal degeneration ⑤ Biomechanics and Injury systematically characterizing biomechanical and traumatic contributions to LDD pathogenesis using high-risk populations as exemplars.This study establish a systematic conceptual framework for LDD pathogenesis in order to advance precision-based therapeutic strategies and provide actionable insights for clinical diagnosis and management.


Key words: Lumbar degenerative disease , Low back pain , Pathogenesis

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