新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前，新冠病毒（SARS-Cov-2）不断突变、进化，新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情正严重威胁着人类健康。疫苗是预防和控制新冠肺炎最有效、最经济的手段。全球科研机构及公司采用不同的技术路线，开展新冠疫苗的研制工作。根据制备技术，新冠疫苗分为灭活病毒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、mRNA疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和蛋白亚单位疫苗。其中，基于细菌、酵母、昆虫或哺乳动物细胞体外生产关键病毒蛋白或肽所制备的病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗因其安全性、有效性高，生产、储存及运输成本低而具有广泛的应用前景。目前，全球上市的新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗共计14种。鉴于此，本研究梳理全球上市的新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研究和发展现状，总结其研发原理及临床效果，以期对新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研制提供借鉴。

关键词: font-size:medium, ">新冠病毒；新冠肺炎；蛋白亚单位疫苗；研发原理；研究进展

Abstract: At present， the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is constantly mutating and evolving， and the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is seriously threatening human health. Vaccination is the most effective and economical method to prevent and control COVID-19 pandemic. Research institutions and companies around the world is employing various techniques to develop COVID-19 vaccines. According to the preparation technology， COVID-19 vaccines can be classified as inactivated virus vaccines， live attenuated vaccines， mRNA vaccines， DNA vaccines， viral vector vaccines， virus-like particle vaccines and protein subunit vaccines. Among these，viral protein subunit vaccines based on in vitro production of key viral proteins or peptides from bacterial， yeast， insect or mammalian cells has been drawing attention owing to its advantages of high safety and effectiveness， low cost of production， storage and transportation. To date， 14 protein subunit vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 have launched on the global market.In view of this， this study reviewed the research and development status of some of the marketed protein subunit vaccines against SARS-Cov-2， summarized their R&D principles and clinical effects， to provide a reference for the development of protein subunit vaccines against SARS-Cov-2.

Key words: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Protein subunit vaccines, R&D principle, Research progress

中图分类号:

张旋旋, 佘广彪, 刘晓雅, 吴常伟, 黄恩启, 杨世龙. 新冠病毒蛋白亚单位疫苗研究进展[J]. 中国医药导刊, 2022, 24(5): 434-438.

ZHANG Xuanxuan, SHE Guangbiao, LIU Xiaoya, WU Changwei, HUANG Enqi, YANG Shilong. Research Progess on Protein Subunit Vaccines Against SARS-Cov-2[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL GUIDE, 2022, 24(5): 434-438.

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