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中国医药导刊 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 470-475.

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

高糖对糖尿病足溃疡免疫细胞及生长因子的影响

刘玮1, 张朝晖1234*   

  1. 1.广东药科大学中医药研究院,广东 广州 511436;

    2.天津中医药大学第二附属医院,天津 300250;

    3.天津中医药大学中医疮疡研究所,天津 300250;

    4.天津市中医外科研究所,天津 300250

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-05-08 接受日期:2025-05-09 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-07-23
  • 基金资助:

     国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1709303);天津市卫生健康委员会中医中西医结合研究所建设项目(津卫中〔2024〕55号);天津中医药大学中医疮疡研究所建设项目(津中医科研〔2024〕号)

Effects of High Glucose on Immune Cells and Growth Factors in Diabetic Foot Ulcer

LIU Wei1, ZHANG Zhaohui1234*   

  1. 1.Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangdong Guangzhou 511436, China
    2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300250, China
    3.TCM Institute of Sore and Ulcer Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300250, China
    4.Tianjin Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery Tianjin 300250, China
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-05-08 Accepted:2025-05-09 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-07-23

摘要:

糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)是糖尿病后期主要并发症之一,具有治疗周期长、高截肢率、高死亡率的特点,给患者带来巨大的经济压力和精神负担。探索DFU的疾病特点,提高DFU的治疗效率尤为重要。高糖环境是DFU创面难愈合的重要原因之一,高糖对足部溃疡创面中的免疫细胞及生长因子发挥重要影响。高糖环境下,DFU患者的免疫细胞功能显著下降,巨噬细胞、T细胞等促进伤口愈合的关键免疫细胞活性降低,而抑制性免疫细胞的表达水平升高,导致整体免疫调节失衡,具体表现在中性粒细胞吞噬功能受损、中性粒细胞外陷阱(NET)过度表达、树突状细胞密度降低、M1细胞兴奋性延长、T细胞比例失衡、B细胞亚群失衡等。生长因子在溃疡修复过程中发挥重要作用,其中白细胞介素-6IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等促炎性生长因子的释放显著增加,而血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子 (TGF)-β、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、角质细胞生长因子(KGF)的表达则呈现下降趋势。免疫细胞功能异常以及生长因子的表达失衡直接导致DFU的难愈合性。本研究就高糖对足部溃疡创面中的免疫细胞及生长因子的影响进行综述,旨在为后续临床治疗DFU提供新思路。


关键词: 高糖, 糖尿病, 糖尿病足溃疡, 生长因子, 免疫细胞

Abstract:

Diabetic foot ulcer DFU is one of the main complications in the late stage of diabetes mellitus which is characterized by a long treatment cycle high amputation rate and high mortality rate and brings huge economic pressure and mental burden to patients. It is of particular importanse to explore the disease characteristics of DFU and improve the treatment efficiency of DFU. High-glucose environment is one of the important reasons for the difficult healing of DFU wounds. High-glucose has an important effect on immune cells and growth factors in foot ulcer wounds. In high-glucose environments the immune cell function of patients with DFU decreases significantly and the activity of key immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells which promote wound healing decreases while the expression level of inhibitory immune cells is elevated resulting in an imbalance of overall immune regulation. Which was manifested in impaired phagocytosis of neutrophils overexpression of NET decreased dendritic cell density prolonged excitability of M1 cells imbalance of T-cell ratios and imbalance of B-cell subpopulations. Growth factors play an important role in the ulcer repair process in which the release of pro-inflammatory growth factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly increased while the expression of VEGF TGF-β PDGF FGF and KGF show a decreasing trend. The abnormal immune cell function as well as the imbalance of growth factor expression directly contributed to the difficult healing nature of DFUs. This study reviews the effects of high glucose on immune cells and growth factors in foot ulcer wounds for providing new ideas of clinical treatment of DFU.


Key words: High glucose , Diabetes mellitus , Diabetic foot ulcer , Growth factor , Immune cell

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